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Digestion (Types of Ingestion (Fluid Feeding: suck nutrients through…

- - - - chemical digestion is largely completed here
      - Digestive juices come from pancreas (alkaline neutralizes stomach acid), liver (makes bile to digest lipids), and gallbladder (stores bile)
      - First leg of small intestine leads from stomach
    - - Fats are hydrolyzed, recombined into triglycerides, and travel to lymphatic system, then to heart. If needed in body, go to heart to be distributed out
      - Capillaries and veins transport nutrients to liver for regulation/conversion, and then to heart
        
        liver decides when/where nutrients are released
        
        also makes sure toxins are not released back into body
      - Beginning of water recovery
      - Villi and microvilli increase surface area
  - - - various structures in place to prevent this: gastric inactive until released into lumen, mucus from gastric glands protect stomach lining, stomach gets a new layer of epithelial cells every 3 days, sphincters on both ends of stomach restrict gastric juices to just the stomach cavity
      - Trick question--> It does!
    - - Pepsin breaks peptide bonds of proteins
      - HCl denatures proteins
  - - - longest transit time for digestion--> 12-24 hours
      - bacteria that can digest cellulose, can produce vitamins, improve immune function
  - - - enzyme amylase breaks down carbs
      - protects mouth against abrasions, neutralizes acids, contain antimicrobial properties
      - first stage of chem digestion
- - - - specific compartments for digestion, storage, and absorption
      - 2 openings, one for ingestion and one for excretion
      - carried out in stepwise fashion--> can ingest food while other food is still being digested or absorbed
      - Complete digestive tract
    - - Have to eat simple (easy to break down) food
      - Simple animals with simple body plans/adaptations
      - Single opening for both ingestion and excretion
      - Digestion and distribution of nutrients from same location