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LS M3 Topic 3 (environmrntal problems in China (air pollution (from…
LS M3 Topic 3
environmrntal problems in China
air pollution
from
burning coal
industrial exhaust gas
fumes emmitted by vehicles
caused
haze pollution
in North China
water pollution
from
domestic and industrial sewage discharges
solid waste pollution
type
urban waste
without treatment(incineration)
cities are surrounded by rubbish
smell
not hyginic
industrial solid waste
it contains contains different kinds of toxic
seriously damage the land
gases give out
pollute the air
leak out liquid
pollute water sources
ecological imbalance
from: natural resources are over-exploited
farming and grazing(過度養殖)
causes
vegetation deteriation
damaged by deforestation, over-grazing
worsens soil erosion and damages done by sandstorms
soil erosion
cuz natural erosion and over-exploitation
worsens land degration and harms farmland
leads to silting of rivers and thus flooding
sandification => desertification
cuz over-cultivation, over-exploitation, over-extration and over-explotation of water resources
affects agricultural dev and leads to sandstorms
extintion of species
pollution, over-explotaion
destroy the habitats of animals and plants
number of species decreases
biodiversity is falling
shortage in rescources
water shortage
since r&o
the demand for water increased
factories discharge large amounts of pollutants
serious water resources pollution
increasing population
increase demand
solution
import water form other place
underground water
need to dig deeper into the earth
but thats polluted too
shortage in minerals
energy resources(oil), raw materials(copper, iron)
r&o
increased the demand of them
over-explotation
insufficent reserves
gov's countermeasures
fromulate environmental planning
encourage enterprises and the ppl to protect it
12th five-year plan
clarified duties and missions of diiferent level of gov and env protection departments
13th five-year plan
emmisions of pollutants under scope of regulations
industrial smoke and dust
VOCs(volatile organic compounds)
total nitrogen, phospher
improve policies and laws
polluter-pays principle
clean up on your own, or pay the gov to do it
aims at a compensation system by 2020
fined the polluters
penalty
not quite effective
they are willing to pay the penalty
cuz have to invest in the treatment, pay high price for the equipment
limited approval
industries have to gain approval
for operation or projects
in 2015, more law
prevent pollution
the law is quite general, didn't talk about execution
formulated air pollution quality atandard
in line with national and international standards
change economic development mode
change to sustainable dev
shut down factories
promotes industries that
create high quality
efficency
conserve energy
change of mindset
strengthen ecological protection
conserve vegetation
returning framlands to forests
pasturelands to grasslands
protects and recover vegetation
prevent soil erosion
control of soil was strengthened
prevent soil erosion by dev projects
prevent and deal with desertification
afforestation
save endangered species
welands and wild animals are protects
set up nature reserve
2015, gov released integrated reform plan for promoting ecological progress
promote awareness of conservation by 2020
opportunities created by r&o for environmental and cultral conservation
spend more funds on env and cultural conservation
implement of relevant policies
education and promotion
increase in investments in cultural conservation
promote the environmental industry
gov introduced policies and measures to promote the dev of env-friendly industries
promote cultural tourism
relate tourism with env and cultural conservation
no over exploitation
sustainable/ long run
raise ppl's awareness of conservation
better living standard
care about env and cultural heritage
education level improved
gov and env groups promotes messages of e&c conservation
pubilc more awareness
econ dev at the price of depleting rescorces
place greater value in e&c protection
challenges to cultural conservation caused by the r&o
impact of economic dev on cultral relics
urban construction
real estate construction
cultural relics demolished by tractors
tourism dev
exploit cultural heritage sites
build hotels and shops there
destroy the sites, change the original lanscape
to fit industrialization and commercialization
do not limit the number of tourist
creates irreversible damage
some parts of the great wall is removed
for the 2008 olympics
gov demolished hutongs and siheyuans
in the name of urban redevelopment
pollution caused by economic activities
made of mud and wood
vulnerable to air pollution and acid rain
leshan budda in sichuan
black spots on its face
erosion by acid rain
mogao caves
excessive tourists, weak conservation awareness of the general public
walled paintings inside the caves have suffered from damages
countermeasures
set up laws regurding cultural conservation
1982
first law
law on the protection of cultural relics
stop some activities that damages it and protects it
2002
amended the ^ law
guiding principles on the work
'perservation with timely rescue & reasonable utilisation ans stricter management'
2006
Regularion on the protection of Great Wall
first legislation for an individual historical and cultural relic
2008
regulation on the protection of famous historical and cultrual cities, towns and villages
streangthen conservation work
legal system for protection of cultral relics is fromed
strengthen work on cultural conservation
set up project funds
strengthen protection work
apply cultural relics and sites for getting listed in the World Heritage List
local gov will have to start protection work
cuz strict review and approval criteria
raise public awareness about cultural conservation
set cultural heritage day
free museums
Impact of r&o on environmental conservation
concepts of development( adopted by Chin gov)
challenges for China's environmental conservation
Economic development above all
economic development is the top priority
'development is the irrefutable argumant' --Deng Xiaoping
justify the pursiut of economic growth over other consideration
"econ is a must"
environmental conservation, intergenerational equity
overlooked and sacrificed
local government's mind set
"pollution comes frist, treatment follows"
they will get the tech to fix it later
encouraged dev of heavy and petrochemical industries
shield enterprises
discharge sewage or emitted pollutants unlawfully
the damage is done is done no prevention
serious pollution and ecological damage
individual interests above collective interests
tax for gov
profit for interprises
vs ppl of the whole regoin: env, health
thus its a problem of policy, but execution