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Ch23 Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Monocots (Commelinoid Monocots (Arecales…

- - - - After studying the wood= :forbidden: Relictual
        
        Vessels, fibers, + abundant parenchyma not found in gymnospersm
  - - - Has all parts
        
        Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels
- - - - had separated from other angiosperms early
- - - - Thanks to evolution
  - - - only individual in clade
    - - Cannot represent earliest angiosperms
- - - - Palm Trees
        
        3500 Species
        
        singular trunk
        
        1m to 1cm wide
        
        Flowers
        
        seldom seen
    - - Oats, Rye, Corn, rice, bamboo
        
        Wind pollinated
    - - common house plants
        
        Maranta, Calathea
        
        Large showy flowers
        
        Pollinated by insects, bats, birds
  - - - Found in swamps
      - Partly/ or totally submerged
      - No Transpiration
    - - 3 sepals/3 petals
  - - - spots or lines on petals
  - - - carpels fuse side by side, at base
    - - Open areas secrete nectar
    - - Largest family
  - - - Yams
- - - - Cacti, Iceplant, spinach, beets
        
        Flowers contain Betalains
        
        water-soluble pigment
        
        No petals/modifies sepals
        
        no wood, or unusual anomalous wood
    - - Parasites
        
        Sandalwood + Mistletoe
  - - - 3 basic features
        
        Sympetalous flowers
        
        petals fuse together in a tube
        
        only few stamen
        
        Stamens alternate with petals
      - Lack Specialized Chemicals
      - Greatest number of species (60,000)
      - Important medically
  - - - Two large clades
        
        Fabids
        
        Malvids
      - None have highly relictual feature