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Stolypin (His policies (November 1906 (New Peasant's Land Bank set up…

- - - - Many peasants still tied to the Mir because of redemption payments and heavy taxation
      - Allowed to withdraw land from the Mir
        
        Attempt to ensure they'd gain the same quality farmland as they'd lose in their strips
    - - This took two forms:
        
        The Khutor
        
        Owner lived on land with house separate from the village
        
        The Otrub
        
        Owner had land in one unit but lived in the village, had access to communal pastures and woods
    - - Believed that independent, property owning peasants would become full citizens, so they'd be given an opportunity to support the regime
      - Interest rates deliberately set low
      - Could buy land directly, or purchase from the nobility
  - - - Had been promised in 1905
- - - - Production up by 43% from 1880 to 1913
    - - grew by 2.1% (1883-1914)
        
        ~around 1.1 million tons a year
      - Rose annually from 56 million tons to 90 million tons (1900-1914)
    - - Belorussia
      - Ukraine
  - - - Only a few of these had western-style, fenced off fields
    - - Some communes used better techniques
    - - Voronezh province
        
        37% of land in was bought by landless peasantry
        
        4% of land bought by kulaks
        
        Suggests that the policies benefited the poor
        
        According to Martin McCauley
      - Teodor Shanin said there was no clear division between rich and poor, it was about family size
  - - - There were better alternatives, too closely minded
    - - Needed more time for the reforms to be carried out