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English theorists I struggle with (cruttenden (suggested that children…
English theorists I struggle with
Janet Holmes (diversity)
interested in tag questions and tentative language
tag questions are not always a market of uncertainty. they can be interpreted in different ways
tags that ask for confirmation are speaker-orientated. those that show attitude are addressee-orientated
Deborah Tannen (difference)
women and men grow up in different cultures. talk between men and women = cross-cultural communication
women present problems hoping for men to give solutions. men see themselves as problem solvers therefore up-take the challenge
women use rapport talk (meta-messages) + equality is portrayed and men use report talk (dominance)
jane pilkington
recorded different groups and found that female gossip is collaborative. there were high levels of feedback. extension of topics
however men was not collaborative. there was long silences, and many instances when no feedback was given
cruttenden
suggested that children will acquire language within three different stages:
the children will memorize initial words, however they will have no understanding of the words memorized
the child will begin to gain an understanding of the principles behind certain words and understand the limitations. less virtuous errors occur as well as overgeneralisation
finally the child will understand the words + their meanings and will be able to add the inflectional morphemes
the child will put everything in the present tense
they will then add the '-ing' bound morpheme
they will then add the '-ed' bound morpheme
Roger Brown's stages of acquisition
there are 5 different stages within language development:
acquisition of syntactic order + meaning relations develops
the children are able to prepositions
irregular past tense has formed + the use of 's' possessives
regular past tense has formed + the use of the articles develop
gain contractible + uncontractible auxiliaries such as 'they're'
atkinson + drew
within exchanges there are pre-allocated turn-taking pauses
within the pauses the other participant will exclude themselves from certain actions
e.g. interviewer will set up the response from the participant + interviewers will decide when to terminate the interview