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Economic factors that affect development (Income (:check: Lack of income-…
Economic factors that affect development
Income
:check: Lack of income- lack of resources. Household resources such as clothing, food and housing. This also means they are deemed to living in poverty. A person might find it difficult to fit in with society
This can lead to social exclusion and a family becoming marginalised. A child born into families with poverty finding it difficult to escape having a powerful effect on their confidence and self concept.
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Child Poverty Action Group- poverty is associated with high risks of illness and premature death. This therefore has an effect on life expectancy. e.g. professionals with an income have an 8 year average than others on low wage
445 food banks in the uk , however there is a concern about the nutritional value on food provided. Brum city Uni reported most food is processed.
:check: wages from employment
:check: profits from your business if self employed
:check: benefits paid by the government
:check: money from invested wealth such as bank accounts or bonds
:check: money raised through sale or rent of property you own
Income is not distributed equally in the UK- :star:
Office for National Statistics and the Department of Work and Pensions
Households with an income lower than 60% of the median income are living in poverty--- Median income compares family imcome
Having sufficient income gives individuals more choice about their lifestyles
Key groups of peeps with low income;
one parent families, unemployed people, older people, sick people, disabled people, families with single earners or unskilled employmeny
The impact of low income
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Paxton and Dixon (2004) found children who grew up in poverty underachieved academically at school, were less likely go to uni, and likely to be unemployed
:checkered_flag: Poverty is associated with being a victim of crime.
:checkered_flag: Poor communities are more likely to live in polluted areas
:checkered_flag: Poorer people have an increased risk of dying
Employment status
Characterised by whether a person is working or not and the type of work they do
Office for National statistics 15.9% of households have no adults working. ALSO 1.5% of adults have never worked and 1.5 million children were living there.
Types of jobs can affect a persons well being . Low income adds additional stress on individuals which can lead to depression. All types of work involve social interactin
Research has shown individuals with high incomes have healthier physical and mental health
Education
Department for Education
- by the age of 3, children from poorer families are estimated to be 9 months behind wealthier children. Also get poor grades in GCSE
Peer groups
: Child becomes more independent e.g. learning about social relationships. Beliefs are copied of other children. Peer groups provide secondary socialisation whereas families provide primary socialisation
Attitude: assumptions that we use to make sense of our social experiences
Secondary socialisation: process of learning appropriate behaviour in society including; media, government and religion
Primary socialisation: the process of a child learning the norms, attitudes and vales of other cultures and society.
Values and attitudes:
Values change due to life experiences e.g. bullying and discrimination. Also the internet is becoming more influencial
Lifestyle
Leisure activities- choices are limited by the money you have. Stress and economic pressure can lead to a person not having a lifestyle
Dietary choices
-People may choose an unhealthy diet due to convenience and cost-foods that are high in fat and sugar are cheaper. Having a healthy diet affect the healthy development of bones and organs. Reduces the risk of obesity and diabetes
Exercise
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Regular exercise is essential for development. Department of health refer to lack of exercise as the 'silent killer'
Use of misuse of substances
- ADDICTION
Drug use
- Affects brain function.
e.g. cocaine over stimulates the heart
Alcohol*
Department of health says adults should not consume more than 14 units a week. Drinking over the limit creates a high risk of heart disease, liver disease and bowl cancer.*
Tobacco
- causes lung cancer