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Seed Plants 1: Seed plant w/flowers (Division Coniferophyta: Conifers…
Seed Plants 1: Seed plant w/flowers
Division Progymnospermophyta
Progymnosperms
extinct plant group
ancestor of gymnosperms
Aneurophytales
have
vascular cambium
secondary growth
primary xylem
has protostele
include progymnosperms
Aneurophytem
resembled trimerophytes
have little webbing
not leaves
Protopteridium
Proteokalon
Tetraxylopteris
Triboxylon
Eospermatopteris
Archaeopteridales
have
abundant wood
secondary phloem
pith
primary xylem bundles
fronds
resemble fern leaves
planted branch systems
reproduction
heterosporous
microspores
30 um in diameter
produced own sporangium
megaspores
300 um in diameter
released from sporangium
Evolution of seeds
Megasporangium
one megaspore mother cell
3 small aborted cells
surrounded by
layer tissue
integument
Integument
micropyle
small apical opening
allows egg fertilization
pollen chamber
holding area
for pollen accumulation
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
seed ferns
woody plant
fern-like foliage
large
compound
planar
bore seeds
ovule
megasporangium
large
vascular tissue bundles
Integument
attached at base
vascularized
evolved from
Aneurophytales
earliest see fern
Stenomyelon
parenchyma
pith
surrounded vascular bundles
vascular cambium
xylem
phloem
Seed fern wood
rays
many cells wide
very tall
wedges of parenchyma
tracheids
longer and wider
softer, less dense
stem
thick cortex
sclerenchyma radial plates
inner cortex
secretory ducts
older plants
cork cambium
bark
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
moderate-gigantic size
EX: redwoods
are never
vines
herbs
annuals
never have
bulbs
rhizomes
Conifers
simple
leaves
perennial
Venation
simple
1-2 long veins
down center
needle shaped
Several long veins
scale shaped
veins
endodermis & tissue
-Transfusion tissue
transfusion parenchyma
transfusion tracheids
Wood
lack vessels
phloem
lacks sieve tubes
tracheids
1-2 rows
pollen cones
simple cones
bears microsporophylls
short single unbranched
axis
Microspore mother cell
undergo meiosis
form microspores
small gametophyte
four cells
1 more item...
seed cones
resemble fruits
compound cones
shoot w/ axillary bud
short axis
bears
cone bracts
has axillary bud
bears megasporophylls
2 more items...
microscopic
Megasporangium
megaspore mother cell
undergoes meiosos
4 cells, 1 surviving
megaspore
1 more item...
always simple
needles
scales
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
have
stout trunks
pinnately compound leaves
Stem
thick cortex
has secretory ducts
small amount wood
parenchyma
Tracheids
long and wide
Rays
massive
Pith
secretory canals
Leaves
dont bear ovules
produce
pollen cones
microsporophylls
shield shaped
spirally arranged
bear clusters
microsporangia
Germination
pollen grains produce
branched pollen tube
sperm cells
seperate plants
seed cones
large
megasporophylls
pinnately compound
shield shaped
bear 2 ovules
have
vascularized megasporangium
integument
loosely attached
vascularized
6-8 ovules
near base
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
vegetative features
almost identical to cycads
differ in
stomatal complexes
leaf trace organization
individual cones
microsporophylls
numerous microsporangia
cup shaped
megasporophylls
ovule
stock
megasporangium
integument
between ovule
thick fleshy scales
Division Gingophyta: Maidenhair Tree
characteristics
large dicot tree
stout trunk
wood like conifers
many branches
lacks
vessles
axial parenchyma
leaves
broad
dichotomously branched veins
short shoots
bear mostly leaves
long leaves
Reproduction
dioecious
gymnospermous
cones not produced
ovules in pairs
occur end short stalk
unprotected at muturity
Pollen
organ resembling catkin
several sporangophores
stalk
Division Gnetophyta
3 groups
Gnetum
small shrubs
broad leaves
vines
Ephedra
tough shrubs
bushes
leaves
reduced
scale like
Welwitschia mirabilis
stem
short
wide stem
only 2 leaves
grow perennially
from basal meristem
All three
gymnosperms
vessel in wood
evolved from tracheids
Pollen cones
compound
small bracts
Seed cones
compound
ovules
extra layer of tissue
surrounding
can be extra
bract
sporophyll
integument
