Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Excretion (Types of Nitrogenous Waste (What Determines Nitrogenous Waste…

- - - - shelled, uric acid because waste stuck in shell
      - shell-less, urea can diffuse out
      - internal gestation can handle some amount of toxicity
- - - - excrete large volumes of dilute urine--> kidneys packed with short tubules
      - gain water by osmosis
      - Must conserve salts by resorbing ions from filtrate
      - hyperosmotic
    - - Have fewer small nephrons than freshwater fish
      - Filtration rates low, little urine excreted
      - Hypoosmotic
- - - - Transport of salt and ions becomes active as the loop ascends due to the changing osmolarity
      - no water transport, passive diffusion of salt and ions at base (highest osmolarity)
      - waste low in volume, but more dilute
      - Opposite to descending loop (concentration gradient inverses)
    - - Readjusts final Ion concentrations in filtrate
      - Actively transports things in/out of filtrate that need to stay/leave
      - Regulates NaCl concentration in body fluids
    - - Epithelium only permeable to water due to aquaporin proteins--> keeps all the ions and salts in, water diffuses out passively
      - natural diffusion of water out of loop of henle because of concentration gradient (goes down--> less water outside than insdie--> diffuses out
      - Creates more concentrated waste product and decreases the volume
      - More water resorption
    - - Last chance for salt and water to be removed to concentrate the waste
      - How much the urine can be concentrated determined by hormonal controls
      - Formation of Urine
    - - Other important substances are either actively or passively transported to bloodstream
      - Toxins actively secreted into filtrate
      - water follows salt by osmosis, reduces filtrate volume considerable
      - Waste starts concentrating
      - reabsorption of water, NaCl, ions, and nutrients into bloodstream
  - - - renal artery supplies blood to capillaries for interaction
      - built like a tube with a ball on top (glomerulus) that has a web of capillaries
      - blood pressure forces fluid into Bowman's capsule, beginning of the nephron