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seed plants without flowers (ginkgophta (short shoots (bear leaves),…
seed plants without flowers
progymnospers
extinct
rise to conifers
evolved from trimerophtes
evolution of vascular camium
unlimited growth
secondary xylem
secondary phloem
aneurophytales
protopteridium
proteokalon
aneurophyton
shrubs
large trees
vascular cambuum
secondary growth
resembled trimerophytes
archaeopteridales
derived progymnosperm
8.4m tall
secondary phloem
siphono stele
pith around xylem
heterosporous
evolution of seeds
chauleria
earliest progymnosperm
390 million years
archaeosperma arnoldii
megasporangium
surrounded by tissue
integument
microphyle
hole in integument
permitted sperm
only one megaspore mother
large megaspore
3 small aborted cells
pteridospermophyta
rise to cycadophytes
cycadophyta
cycads
extinct
cycadeoidophyta
cycadeoids
extinct
pteridospermophyta
seed ferns
extict
coniferophyta
diverse
50 genra
550 species
very large
redwoods
90m tal
10m diameter
simple needles
perennial
venation
1-2 veins
pines
2 types of shoots
long shoot
tiny papery leaves
short shoot
long needle leaves
pollen cones
simple cones
seed cones
compound cones
shoot
auxilary buds
forms ovuliferous scale
zygote not formed immediately
suspensor
proembryo
cycadophyta
less that 2m tall
foliage
do not bear ovules
produce seed cones
produce pollen cones
dioecious
9-10 genra
100 species
almost all tropical
cycadeoidophyta
cycadeoids
all extinct
vegetative features
similar to cycads
differ in stomatal complexes
differ in leaf variation
ginkgophta
contains single living species
lacks vessels
lacks parenchyma
broad leaves
dichotomously brached veins
short shoots
bear leaves
dioecious
gymnospermous
gnetophyta
ephedra
40 species
welwitchia mirabilis
only species in genus
gnetum
30 species
mostly vines or shrubs
braod leaves
southeast asia, africa, amazon
comphond
small bracts
flowering plants
produce division anthophyta
