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The Foot (Bones (Three Groups (tarsals (calcaneus (sustentaculum tali…

- - - - calcaneus
        
        largest
        
        forms prominence of heel
        tuberosity
        
        sustentaculum tali
        
        [medial aspect of calcaneus]
      - talus
        
        neck
        
        head
        
        body
      - navicular
        
        prominent tuberosity
      - cuboid
        
        groove on its plantar surface
      - cuneiform bones
        
        medial
        
        intermediate
        
        lateral
    - - bases articulate with...
        
        cuneiform bones
        
        heads articulate with phalanges
    - - 3 in four lateral toes
      - 2 in 1st toes
  - - - support: plantar aponeurosis, short & long plantar ligaments – tendon
      - ‘keystone’ – cuboid
      - pillars – calcaneus, lateral 2 metatarsal heads
      - calcaneus, cuboid, 4th & 5th metatarsals
    - - bases of 5 metatarsals, cuboid & cuneiforms [medial & lateral wedge-shaped]
      - pillars – M&L longitudinal arches [ transverse – half-dome-shape, half-arch]
      - support: ligaments – tendon PL (FL)
    - - calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms & medial 3 metatarsals
      - pillars of arch -
        
        calcaneus
        
        metatarsal heads
      - ‘keystone’
        
        talus
      - support: plantar aponeurosis [ties ends together], spring ligament, long tendons
- - - - origin
        
        calcaneus
      - insertions
        
        1st to 4th toes
        
        sides of EDL
      - action
        
        extension of phalanges
      - Micilanious
        
        slip to 1st digit
        
        extensor hallucis brevis
        
        not functionally important
        
        need to know it is there
        
        can be mistaken for abnormal oedema
    - - origin
        
        2 heads
        
        from adjacent metatarsals
      - insertions
        
        base of proximal phalanges
        
        dorsal expansions
      - action
        
        abduction
        
        extension of IPJ
        
        flexion MCPJ