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The Renaissance (Rebirth) (Artists and Writers (Baldassare Castiglione- …
The Renaissance (Rebirth)
Italian Renaissance
Northern Renaissance
Caused
because of the Crusades, which led to an intensification of trade. Also caused due to the Black Plague, which brought economic changes
Caused
because of the Hundred Years' War between England and France, when it ended people moved from Northern Italy
The Effects of the Renaissance
Changes in Art
Vernacular
- Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas.
Realism
- Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature more realistically.
Secular
- Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious
Changes in Society
Literacy
- A greater availability of books increased the desire for learning
Paper and Printing Press
- Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive. Maps, charts, and laws published led to further discoveries, giving people a better understanding
Humanism
- Christian humanists' attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
Main Values and Ideas of the Renaissance
Humanism
- The values that focus on human potential and achievement
Secularism
- The focus on worldly desires rather than spiritual
Individualism
- Value that focuses on the need to distinguish oneself from everyone else
Generalism
- Idea that one should be skilled in many different fields or interest
Classicim
- Interest in the classical period of Greece and Rome
Artistic Styles and Forms promoted
Perspective
- Renaissance painters used the technique of perspective, which shows 3 dimensions on a flat surface.
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Realistic portraits
Sculptures made more realistic by being carved with natural postures and expression. David being a favorite subject.
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Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but used a realist style copied from classical models
Emphasized on the individual
Artists and Writers
Baldassare Castiglione
- Wrote a book called "The Courtier (1528)", that talked about the ideal "Renaissance men".
Michelangelo Buonarroti
- Painter, Sculptor, Architect, and Poet. Most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in paintings and sculpture.
Donatello
- An Italian Renaissance sculptor. His statue of David was the first European sculpture of a large, free-standing nude since ancient times.
Leonardo da Vinci-
Was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Interested in how things worked. One of the best-known portraits in the world, painted by him was the
Mona Lisa.
Raphael Sanzio
- He was an observer, and was famous for his use of perspective. He filled the walls of Pope Julius II's library with paintings. He painted famous Renaissance figures.
Sofonisba Anguissola
- First Woman artist to gain an international reputation. Known for her portraits of her sisters and prominent people such as King Philip II of Spain.
Artemisia Gentilesch
i- An accomplished artist. Trained with her painter father. She painted pictures of strong, heroic women.
Francesco Petrarch
- "Father of Renaissance humanism", A great poet. Wrote in Italian and Latin.
Boccaccio
- Writer and poet. Best known for the Decameron, a series of realistic stories. It presented both tragic and comic views of life.
Niccoló Machiavelli
- A great writer, philosopher and humanist. Known for "The Prince", which examines the imperfect conduct of human beings. He was not concerned with what was morally right, but with what was politically effective.
Vittoria Colonna
- A woman writer, who gained fame from writing about personal subjects, not politics. She exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped Castiglione publish The Courtier.
Artists and Writers
Albrecht Dürer
- German Artist. Produced woodcuts and engravings. Many of his prints portray religious subjects, classical myths or realistic landscapes.
Hans Holbein
- Specialized in paintings portraits that are almost photographic in details. Painted portraits of King Henry VIII and other members of the English royal family.
Jan Van Eyck
- Flemish Painter. Used oil-based paints to develop techniques. His paintings displayed unusual realistic details and reveal the personality of their subjects.
Pieter Bruegel
- Flemish Painter. Interested in realistic details and individuals. He was skillful in portraying large members of people, such as the everyday peasants life.
Desiderius Erasmus
- A Christian humanist writer. Wrote his most famous work,
The Praise of Folly
. He thought that in order to improve society, all people should study the bible.
Thomas More
- A Christian humanist writer, Tried to show a better model of society. Famous for writing
Utopia
.
Christine de Pizan
- First woman to earn a living as a writer. She frequently wrote about the objections men had to educating woman. One of the first European writers to question different treatment of boys and girls.
William Shakespeare
- The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age. Wrote poems and plays, known as greatest playwright of all time. His works display a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings.
Johann Gutenberg
- A german craftsman. Developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
David (1501), Michelangelo
Marriage of the Virgin (1504), Raphael
Mona Lisa (1503), Leornado da Vinci
The last supper (1495), Leornado da Vinci
The Ambassadors (1533), Hans Holbein
The Peasant Wedding (1567), Pieter Bruegel
