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Corrections/Final Exam (ORGANIZATION (PRISONER RIGHTS (cooper v. pate…

- - - - managing jails. role of the jail- many argue that jail has outgrown police administration.
      - inmate characteristics- widely diverse. ages and criminal histories. mistreatment of younger offenders by older, stronger more violent inmates. jail aggravates the situation , buildings are worn down conditions are bad and overcrowded
      - fiscal problems- overcrowded. lack programs and do not have enough officers for effective supervision. drains local revenues , but also help control crime
- - - - prisoners were overcrowded , understaffed, and minimmaly financed . brutality common and administarators were viewed as corrupt
      - Cincinati (1870) -National prison association. Declaration of Principles. new design of penology: prisoners should operate according to change. REFORMATION REWARDED WITH RELEASE. classification of prisoners based on character and change.
      - Elmira- where the first reformatory took place (1876). Brockway believed diagnosis and treatment were the keys to reform and rehabilitation. education, jobs, rigid schedule . rewarded with early release . MARK POINTS- points given for good behaivor. rewarded with parole and intermediate sanctions
      - COMMUNITY MODEL -dominated corrections until 1970
        
        community corrections- a model of corrections based on the goal of reintergrating the offender into the community
        
        viewed prisons as artificial institutions that hindered offenders from finding a crime-free lifestyle
        
        in favor of probation. focused on psychological treatment and increasing oppurtunities for the offender
    - - john howards expose set it off in 1777
      - Womens prison association- New York 1844. Elizabeth Gurney Fry
      - cinniation declaration of principles did not address the problems for women
      - THREE PRINCIPLES-1. seperation of males and females. 2. the provision of care in keeping with the needs of women . 3. the management of womens prisons by female staff
    - - reformers known as The progressives attacked urban society and gov't
      - they belived that knowledge from social and behaivoral scieneces should replace religious and traditional wisdom as the guiding lines of criminal rehabilitation
      - TWO IDEAS-1. improving conditions in social envioronments that seemed to be the breeding grounds of crime 2. rehabilitating individual offenders.
      - medical model- model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behaivor is caused by biological or psychological conditions that require threatment
    - - more punitive and makes greater use of incarceration
      - criminal behaivor can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision
- - - - sexual misconduct- by male correctional escalated. federal prison rapee elimination act as national law in 2003.
      - educational and vocational training programs- lack variety of program s offer. usually stereotypical women progrmas like cosmetology, food service , house-keeping
      - medical services- usually have more serious health problems. because of the limited access to presentive medical care . less likely to have full time medical care
      - mothers and children- have difficuty maintaing contact with their children . kids go in the system
  - - - age- 16-24 aged men are more violent than older men .
      - race- forced association. violence is how some inmates deal with their anger
      - mental illness- more likely to be victims . more likely to be sexually abused . and can cause illness in those who probably was not diagnosed
    - - inmates are more likely to be terrorized by other inmates
      - prison gangs- racial or ethnic gangs make it difficult for wardens to keep control
      - prisoner rape- rape is a hidden crime. hidden curtain silence
      - prisoner- officer violence
        
        can injure officers no weapons on the inside
      - offcier-prisoner violence- unauthorized physicla violence
- - - - fines - paid to state. not really implented money is hard to attain
      - restitution - repayment in the form of money or service by an offender to a victim who has suffered. usually figured out privately between victim and perpetrator
      - forfeiture- property from crime seized by governement. criticized because where does it go and how do you know whos property it really was
    - - home confinement - house arrest must stay at home durig certain times
      - community service- perfrom a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community
      - day reporting centers- offender must report each day and carry out the elments of the sentence
      - ISP- strict reporting to a probation officer
- - - - the power to restrict many aspects of the parolees life
      - enforce the conditions of release
      - inititate revocation proceedings
    - - find a job and retsore family ties
      - housing
      - and education
- - - - deliquency
      - status offenses
      - neglect
      - dependency