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Hypertension (Clinical Presentation (Most often no symptoms, Dizziness,…
Hypertension
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Diagnosis
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at least two readings, 2 minutes apart, seated for five minutes and no drinking or smoking 30 minutes prior
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Treatment
Medications- B-adrenergic blocking drugs, renin-angiotensin inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics
If there is a secondary cause such as medications, hyperparathyroidism, increased intracranial pressure than treating the cause will treat the hypertension
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Pathophysiology
Sympathetic nervous system- causes increased heart rate and vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system- increase in salt and water retention and increasing the vascular resistance, increasing blood pressure
Natriuretic peptides- increased BNP, causing fluid overload and resistance on vascular, increasing blood pressure
Inflammation and Endothelial dysfunction- damage from endothelial cells and ischemia cause vasoconstriction and inflammatory cytokines
Obesity related hormones- adipocyte (cells that store fat) are altered, causing fat to be moved throughout the vascular system causing remodeling of the vascular system, resulting in resistance in the vascular space.
Insulin resistance- decrease vasodilators develops renal dysfunction causing salt and water to be retained