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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Concepts (Angiosperm carpels (Edges of…
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Angiosperm carpels
Edges of sporophyll primordia crowd against each other and close shut
Closed carpel
Closes so completely that no sign of a seam remains
Double fertilization
Second sperm cell of the pollen tube fuses with the megagametophyte
Primitively vesselless
Lack vessels because their ancestors lack them
Pistil
Fusion of carpels
Sympetally
Fusion of petals into one structure
Zygomorphy
Flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical
Changing concepts about early angiosperms
Ranalean flower
Magnolia-type flower was thought to be relictual
Generalized flowers
Have all parts
Classification of flowering plants
Monocots and eudicots
Basal angiosperms
Basal angiosperms
Uniaperture
Pollen grains have only a single germination pore
Monocots
Commelinoid monocots
Have unique types of epicuticular wax
Walls have unusual types of hemicelluloses and ultraviolet-flourescent compounds
Pollen and endosperm contain starch
Arecales
Palms
Poales
Grass, cattails, bromeliads, and sedges
Aingiberales
Have large, showy flowers pollinated by insects, birds, or bats
Tepals
Term for both perianth members
Alismatales
Many aquatic herbs and aquarium plants
Liliales
Presence of spots or lines on the petals
Nectaries formed at the bases of tepals or stamens
Asparagales
Form nectaries in an unusual way
Carpels fuse side by side
Septa
Dioscoreales
Has only one family
Eudicots
Basal eudicots
Caryophyllales
Cacti, ice plant, spinach, beets, and carnations
Betalains
Water soluble pigments
Perisperm
Nutritive tissue which surrounds the developing embryo
Santalales
Most are parasitic
Rosid clade
Very diverse
2 large clades
Fabids
Malvids
Asterid clade
Most derived large clade
Many asterids have iridoid compounds
2 groups of orders
Lamiids
Campanulids
