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(Male reproductive system: (Seminiferoous tubules:
Specific site of…
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Meiosis 1:
- Prophase 1: homologous maternal and paternal replicated chromosomes form synapsis and crossing over occurs
- Metaphase 1: homologous chromosomes line up in the mid line of the cell, spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- Anaphase 1: the pairs are pulled apart, sister chromatids still attached
- Telophase 1: the two cells contain 23 chromosomes each
Meisosis 2:
- Prophase 2: chromosomes cluster together
- Metaphase 2: spindle fibers attach to centromeres and pull apart sister chromatids
- Anaphase 2: sister chromatids are pulled apart
- Telophase 2: new cells separated and each contain 23 single chromosomes
Spermatogenesis:
- Sprematogonia develop into a germ cell and form a primary spermatocyte
- Meiosis 1 begins in diploid spermatocytes & forms haploid secondary cells
- Meiosis 2 produces spermatids
- Forms sperm
Oogenesis:
- Primary oocytes arrested in in prophase 1
- After puberty, primary oocytes form secondary oocyte & arrest in metaphase 2
- After fertilization secondary oocyte completes meiosis
Menstrual cycle:
- Follicular phase: occurs days 1-13, FSH & LH stimulate primary follicles to form stimulate secondary follicles, if not fertilized it breaks down
- Ovulation: occurs day 14 of the cycle , LH peaks and finally the secondary oocyte is expelled
- Luteal phase: days 15-28, corpus luteum forms a temporary endocrine gland and secretes the progesterone and estrogen to increase uterine lining
- Corpus luteum shrinks and the drop in hormones causes the uterine line to shed and causes menstruation
Hormones:
- Hypothalamus: secretes GnRH that tells the ant pituitary to release LH & FSH
- FSH & LH: stimulates the spermatogenesis and oogenesis
Embryonic development:
- After fertilization weeks 3-8
- Week 3: gastrulation occurs and forms the germ layers, primitive streak forms
- Week 4: Germ layers form, limb buds form
- Weeks 5-8: Eyes, ears, nose appear, major organ systems form
Fetal development:
- Week 9-12: primary ossification of bones occur, reproductive organs develop, brain enlarges and nerves and muscle coordinate, kidneys develop
- Weeks 13-16: body grows, ossification completes
- Weeks 17-20: muscle movements strengthen, lanugo covers the body
- Weeks 21-38: major body weight gains, eyes open, blood cells form