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Language (Nature of Language (Definition (Language: Collection of symbols,…

- - - - Denotative Meaning: Formally recognized definitions for words, as in those found in a dictionary
      - Connotative Meanings: Informal, implied interpretations for words and phrases that reflect the people, culture, emotions, and situations involved
    - - "Table" is a table because we chose to name it in that manner
  - - - Syntactic Rules
        
        Rules that govern ways in which symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols
      - Semantic Rules
        
        Rules that govern meaning of language as opposed to its structure
      - Phonological Rules
        
        Linguistic rules governing how sounds are combined to form words
      - Pragmatic Rules
        
        Rules that govern how people use language in everyday interactions
      - Reappropriation
        
        Process by which members of a marginalized group reframe the meaning of a term that has historically been used in a derogatory way
- - - - If you talk to someone who is the field of engineering about engineering, they are more reliable/credible
    - - Linguistic Relativism: Notion that language influences the way we experience the world
    - - Shapes way others think of us, way we view ourselves, and way we act
  - - - It VS I
        
        It's not finished vs I didn't finish
        
        More responsible
        
        You VS I
        
        You make me angry vs I get angry when you do that
        
        "I" generate more positive reactions
        
        But
        
        "but" cancels everything before it
        
        Question VS Statement
- - - - Equivocal words: Words that have more than one dictionary definition
        
        EX) Dr. said "wouldn't be needing" and patient thought his death was near
    - - Relative words: gain meaning by comparison
        
        EX) "Call you soon" How soon???
    - - Jargon: Specialized vocab used as shorthand by people with common backgrounds and experience
      - Slang: used by group of people belonging in similar coculture or other groups
    - - EX2) A textbook
      - EX3) A communication text book
      - EX1) A book
      - EX4) Understanding Human Communication
      - EX5) Chapter 4 of Understanding Human Communication
      - EX6) Page 109 of Chapter of Understanding Human Communication
      - Definition
        
        Behavioral Description: An account that refers only to observable phenomena
        
        Abstract Language: Lacks specificity or does not refer to observable behavior or other sensory data
  - - - Emotive Language: Language that conveys an attitude rather than simply offering an objective description
    - - Opinion Statement: Statement based on speaker's beliefs
        
        Ex) Climate in Portland is better than in Seattle
      - Factual Statement: Statement that can be verified as being true or false
        
        Ex) In rains more in Seattle than in Portland
    - - Inferential Statement: Conclusion arrived at from an interpretation of evidence
        
        EX) Fact: He hit a lamppost while driving down the street
        
        EX) Inference: He was daydreaming when he hit the lamppost
  - - - You hate partner's outfit but you say "You look amazing. I've never seen an outfit like that"
    - - Full-figured VS Overweight