Reproductive System
Male reproductive structures
Female reproductive structures
Meiosis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis
Hormones (Female)
Menstrual cycle
Embryonic development
Fetal development
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Produce sperm beginning at puberty
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Penile urethra
Secrete alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins; fructose nourishes the sperm & prostaglandins promote widening of cervix
Secretes fluid that functions to neutralize the acidity of the vagina
Stores sperm until they are fully mature and capable of being motile
A long tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder
Conducts sperm from the vas deferens and a component of seminal fluid toward the urethra
Secretes mucus that coats and lubricates the urethra for the passage of sperm
Urinary duct, where semen is released
Follicle
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Graafian follicle
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans
Consists of primary oocyte surrounded by by flattened follicle cells; 1.5 million present at birth; arrested in first meiotic prophase
Consists of a primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cuboidal follicular cels (granulose cells); secretes estrogen as it matures
Forms from primary follicle; contains primary oocyte, many layers of granulose cells, & fluid-filled space called antrum; has two protective structures: zona pellucida & zona radiata
Mature follicle forms from a secondary follicle; contains secondary oocyte, numerous layers of granulose cells, antrum; has completed meiosis 1, and is arrested in metaphase 2
The remnants of follicle after mature follicle ruptures and oocyte is expelled; secretes progesterone and estrogen that prepare uterus for possible implantation
Whitish connective tissue scar, remnant of a degenerated corpus luteum
Produces and releases both female gametes and sex hormones
Vagina
Cervix
Function to transport the ovulated oocyte to the uterus; are also the site of fertilization
Supports, protects, and nourishes the developing embryo/fetus by forming a vascular connection that later develops into the placenta
Connects the uterus with the outside of the body and functions as the birth canal; also the copulatory organ of the female; and serves as passageway for menstruation
Estrogen
Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Inhibin
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Stimulates anterior pituitary to produce and secrete FSH and LH
Stimulates development and maturation of ovarian follicles
Stimulates ovulation (when there is a peak in LH)
Intiates and maintains growth of the functional layer of the endometrium
Primary hormone responsible for functional layer growth after ovulation; causes increase in blood vessel distribution, uterine gland size, and nutrient production
Inhibits FSH secretion so as to prevent excessive follicular development
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Menstrual phase
Days 1-5 of cycle; sloughing off of the functional layer
Days 6-14 of cycle; development of new functional later of endometrium
Days 15-28 of cycle; increased vascularization and development of uterine glands occurs primarily in response to progesterone secretion from corpus luteum
Meiosis starts with diploid parent cell and produces 4 haploid daughter cells, gametes