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Ch22 Seed Plants without flowers (gymnosperms) (Division Coniferophyta:…
Ch22 Seed Plants without flowers (gymnosperms)
Division Progymnospermophyta: Proggymnosperms
Aneurophytales
Shrub like to tall trees
Little webbing between branches
No leaves yet
Vascular tissue
Archaeopteridales
Heterosporous
distinctive male or female sporangium
Up to 8.4 m Tall
Vascular tissue
No seeds
Evolution of seeds
microspores were evolving into pollen grain
leaves evolved from telomes
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
First appeared: Devonion period
Form a grade of evolution( not clade)
Woody plants + Fern-like foliage
soft/less dense wood
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
Very diverse
50 genera, 550 species
Moderate to gigantic size (90 m tall)
Never
Vines
Herbs
annuals
Annuals
Bulbs
Leaves
Simple needles or scales
Perennial
persists for many years
Reproduction
Pollen cones
unbranched axis that holds polled
Seed cones
More complex
Shoot + Axilary Buds
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
Most are confused with ferns or palm trees
Short
Always Dioecious
Pollen cones or seed cones
a single cycad will only have 1 or the other
10 Genera, 100 species
Mostly tropical
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
All extinct
Different from Cycads?
cones contained microsporophyss and megasporophylls
Division Ginkophyta: Maidenhair tree
1 individual
Why is it special?
Looks like a dicot
But it has wood like conifers:
lacks vessels + axial parenchyma
Stout trunk with many branches
Division Gnetophyta
3 groups 71 species
Mostly vines/ small shrubs
Live in desserts
vessels in wood
