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magnetism (permanent and induced magnets (magnets produce magnetic fields,…

- - - - 1) forces act on the two side arms of a coil of wire that's carrying a current
      - 2) because coil is on a spindle and the forces act one up ad one down, it rotates
      - 3) the split ring commutator swaps the contacts every half turn to keep the motor rotating in the same direction
      - 4) the direction can be reversed by reversing current or by reversing the magnetic field