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BI (BI framework的三个层次（进行BI 的过程） (BI solution的第三层：不确定性环境下的strategy…

- - - - why competitor intelligence:
      - 需要做的事儿：
        1. find the right information about competitors : 从三方面来分析competitor：management (objectives, strategyies, processes)，operational (employees, infrastructures,relationships with others) and competency (productivity, capabilities and so on) perspectives
        2. predict competitor behavior:竞争对手的objective；strategy；capabilities
        NOTE:需要的信息类型：market share, organizational structure, cost structure, distribution system, advertising strategy and so on. sources：annual report, website, publication,public statistics,researches
      - Framework:1. SWOT:Strength; weekness; opportunities; threats.用于分析公司product，process, customer, distribution, finance, administration
        2. Porter's five forces: bargaining power of sullpier (supplier concentration, switching cost); bargaining power of buyer (buyer volume, price sensitivity, buyer concentration), threat of substitute; entry of competitors (capital requirement, government polocies, access to distribution, absolute cost advantage); competition between existing players (product difference, industry growth, switching cost, brand identity)
        3. benchmarking：与行业当中最好的进行比较，帮助企业发现gap，发现差距，提高生产力等
    - - why market intelligence:find new market or new business segment; figure out industry trend and find new opportunities
      - 需要收集哪些信息，以及可能的信息来源：
        institutional (law, legal), infrastructure (air, road, intenet...), helath, education, labour market, innovation...
      - framework:
        1. PEST:political, economic,social,technology;
        2. market trend and statistics:globalization, technological development,government policies
    - - 主要是要是通过大数据分析或者其他技术搞清楚What they buy, why they buy and how they buy这三个问题.
        1. customer needs:要通过big data等深入了解用户需求（explicit or short term; implicit or long term; latent）。customer的四象限模型（横坐标：顾客的需求met or nmet；纵坐标产品提供的价值met or unmet），在不同象限中的用户采用不同的战略
        2. cusomter behaviors:social,culture, personal, psyological factors. 购买商品的五个步骤：发现问题，信息收集，查找代替品，下决定购买，购买之后使用和评价
        3. how customer buy or the channel to promotion:
        NOTE:sources of information and data: sales transaction data; CRM; touchpoint data like call center, survey ;new thchnologies like social media and so on.
      - Why customer intelligence:creat advantage:
        comparative advantage：相对较低的成本; absolute advantage：独一无二的竞争优势; competitive advantage：可持续发展的竞争优势
- - - - risk mapping (横坐标：严重程度，纵坐标：发生的可能性)
      - types of risks：第一种分类：从不同方面分：financial risk; operational risk; legal risk; strategic risk; information privacy risk.第二种是从不同level分: activity risk; coordination risk; industry risk; institutional risk; monetary risk; country risk; global risk
    - - operational (resource) perspective
      - competency perspective: from the strategy point of view: gap analysis and trend analysis
      - management perspective
  - - - BI solution的提出
        
        BI framework: knowledge-base layer; process layer; strategy layer
        
        BI process：identify needs, data collection and storage, data mining, data dissemiation。NOTE: 每一个阶段采用的technology有哪些，challenge有哪些，issue有哪些。identify needs 阶段要书写BI plan: 包括需要哪些信息以及信息来源有哪些（recorded, observed and opportunistic）.How do you collect data: 三个维度(mode：被动还是主动；method：questionnaire还是interview；online还是offline)
      - BI solution的实施
        
        成功的关键因素：总体：support from top management; clear vision and planning for every step; 前: ensure that you know customers' needs; 中: ensure you management in a right way and data is high quality; 后: have a measure plan for your solution
        
        如何衡量BI solution的价值
- - - - 9个方面:accuracy (数据是否能很好的表是现实生活), comparability (比如每个部门的员工数量不能超过公司整体员工数量), completeness (mandatory attribute必须要有数据), timeless (多快能拿到数据), currency (信息是不是最新的，是否已经过期), reliability (数据是否可靠，通过多个source来获得数据), integrity, precision, conformance (数据是否有效，比如人的年龄不能超过122岁等。同时还需要考虑的是data是objective的还是subjective的
      - data management framework:5个步骤迭代重复.在进行data management之前，首先要明确的是什么是好的data quality以及最后的目标是什么
        
        identify and access the degree to whoch poor data quality impede business performance; 2. define business-related data rules and measurement and set target; 3. design quality improvement process; 4. move data quality improvement methods and process into production; 5. inspect, monitor when data quality is low