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vascular plants without leaves (zosterophyllophytes (different than…
vascular plants without leaves
early vascular plants
cooksonia
short cylindrical
no leaves
upright stems
equal dichotomous branching
cuticle
parenchyma cortex
fossils
rhyniophytes
xylem structure
protostele
mass of xylem
no pith
endarch protostele
protoxylem in center
exarch protostele
metaxylem in center
siphonostele
pith in center
seed plants
fern stems
zosterophyllophytes
no secondary growth
small herbs
different than rhyniophytes
lateral sporangia
transverse opened sporangia
exarch protostele xylem
rebuchia
sporangia at branch ends
pseudomonopodial
large shoots
enations
increased photosynthesis
microphyll
lycophytes
distinct evolution
lateral sporangia
exarch protosteles
zosterophyllum
morphology
earliest members
drepanophycus
baragwanathia
4cm enations
microphylls
lepidodendron sigillaria
vascular cambium
secondary growth
heterospory
groups of cones
protect them
megaphyll
trimerophytophyta
psilophyton
petica
trimerophyton
resemble rhyniophytes
overtopping
unequal branching
pertica
pseudomonopodial branching
main trunk
evolution
telome theory
euphyllophytes
united
megaphylls
30 kilobase inversion
roots exarch xylem
equisetophytes
horse tails
ferns
