Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Energy Transfers (Respiration (Aerobic) (Pyruvate from glycolysis enters…
Energy Transfers
Respiration (Aerobic)
-
Pyruvate is oxidised to acetate, producing reduced NAD in the process
-
Acetylcoenzyme A reacts with a four-carbon molecule, releasing coenzyme A and producing a six-carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle
A series of Oxidation-Reduction reactions, the krebs cycle generates reduced coenzymes and ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
-
ATP is synthesised by oxidative phosphorylation associated with the transfer of electrons down the electron transfer chain and passage of protons across the inner mitochndrial membranes.
Catalaysed by ATP synthase embedded in the membranes
Other respiratory substrates include the breakdown products of lipids and amino acids, which enter the Krebs cycle.
-
Ecosystems
-
-
Gross primary production (GPP) is the chemical energy store in plant biomass, in a given area or volume
Net primary production (NPP) is the chemical energy store in plant biomass after respiratory losses to the environment
-
(Net production of consumers) N = I (energy stored in food) – F (energy lost to environment) + R (Respiratory losses) =kJ ha–1 year–1
-
Nutrient cycles
-
Mycorrhizae = the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants that enable plants to efficiently absorb water and inorganic ions from the soil
Bacteria
Involved in ammonification, nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification
Nitrogen fixation: Lightning strikes, Haber process, Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium)
Mutualistic relationship with the plant providing in with nitrogen and receiving carbon compounds in return
Nitrification: Chemotropic bacteria absorbs ammonium ions, Ammonium ions are released in putrefaction of proteins
Nitrosomonas bacteria oxidise ammonium to nitrates
Nitrobacteria oxidise nitrites to nitrates
As reaction requires oxygen, it only occurs in well aerated soil
Denitrification: Bacteria can convert nitrates back to nitrogen gas
When bacteria involved are growing under anaerobic conditions, they can produce nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide
Fertilisers
-
-
-
Eutrophication is the process that concentrates nutrients in bodies of water- leading to algal blooms - limits light and reduces oxygen - creates toxic waste (water becomes putrid)
-
-