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Environmental factors and Access to health services that affect development
Environmental factors and Access to health services that affect development
Exposure to pollution
:
Air and Water. Indoors and Outdoors e.g asthma and respiratory problems
Respiratory problems:
(
conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, alveoli and pleural cavity
)
Tobacco smoke and air pollution with varies toxins and pollutants- anything harmful to respiratory system
Affect muscles and nerves used for breathing- affects airpasses
Mild- sore throat or runny nose. Serious- lug cancer
Cardiovascular problems
:(
any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels
)
Risks- smoking tobacco and air pollution
Tobacco smoke is linked to changes in lining of the heart and blood vessels causing clots--- heart attack
Air pollution increasing risk of clots and raised blood pressure. Expose during pregnancy can lead to baby having heart defects
Allergies
Caused by irritants causing the immune system to overreact e.g. hay fever or asthma--- responds to environment
Asthma example: range from mild to life-threatening. Difficulty in breathing due to inflamed or narrowed airways
Motor vehicles cause pollution, powerstations burn coal and cause air pollution
King's College London (2015) near 9500 people in London die every year in a result of expose to air pollution
Poor housing conditions
:
associated with poor health and poor quality of life
Can lead to health issues
Overcrowding can limit peoples access to washing, cooking and cleaning- causing air pollution (inadequate ventilation)
Infections can easily spread (inadequate sanitary provision)
Lack of access to outdoors
Child poverty action group (2013) reported - poor quality spaces and outdoor equipment, vandalism therefore danger of injury
Respiratory disorders
: Lack of heating and poor ventilation (overcrowded houses) causes Damp and Mould leading to respiratory problems. Babies and young children are very vulnerable
Cardiovascular problems
: Children in overcrowded houses have problems with growth rate and increased risk of heart disease. Poor quality housing can lead to stress which increases blood pressure. _ Lack of exercise and poor diet. _Can also influence poor life choices such as smoking, drinking and poor diet
Hypothermia
: Especially homelessness are major causes of hospital admission. POVERTY IS RISING. Families with low income cannot afford heat.
Age UK (2012) found a link between loneliness and hypothermia with older people (deaths in winter)
Anxiety and Depression
: Poor quality housing causes stress- mental health issues. Disturbed sleep patterns, Children in poor quality, overcrowded houses experience anxiety (mental health issues)
Access
Availability of transport
: Travelling can be stressful. Difficulty getting to GP surgeries. Living in remote areas mean no public transport. Unreliable public transport- negative impact on health and well being (
vulnerable people and families
) Hospital car parks can be expensiveeee
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, local authorities need to improve services for vulnerable people. Ensure multi agency partnership to meet local communities needs.
Equality Act (2010) positive impact on locals- as services have a responsibility to identify barriers to access services
Opening hours of services
: NHS provides health care for everyone
Needs and requirements of particular services
: Local services aim to promote policies to tackle disadvantage and poor access to services. Improve the health and well being of families
People who do not access services
: Homeless people and vulnerable immigrants. Families who travel may have poor access if they no not speak english