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Corrections (incarcerations & prisoners (use of force (self defense,…

- - - - Procunier v Martinez: mail censorship only with demonstration of compelling govt interest
      - Turner v Safley: may restrict mail between inmates at different institutions
    - - Due process:basic procedural right in disciplinary hearing, sanctions
      - Equal Protection: discrimination cannot be official policy
- - - - delinquent: a child who has committed an act that if committed by an adult would be a criminal act
      - Persons in need of supervision(PINS): a term designates juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on verge of trouble
      - Neglected child: a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents
      - Dependent child: a child who has no parents or whose parents cannot give proper care
    - - police interface: exercise enormous amount of discretion
      - intake screening at the courtthe process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a decision by the court
      - pretrial procedures: when a decision is made to refer the case to the court, the court holds an initial hearing. Juveniles are informed of their rights and told plea must be voluntary
      - transfer(Waiver) to adult court: should it be transferred to criminal adult justice system
      - adjudication:trail stage of the juvenile justice system
      - disposition:decide what action should be taken
      - corrections: mix rehabilitative and retributive syste,
    - - probation: 60% of the population
      - intermediate sanctions: fines, restitution fees, community service,and community corrections
      - custodial care: juvenile detention centers
      - institutional programs: counseling, education and vocational training, and an assortment of psycho-therapeutic methods
      - aftercare: equivalent to parole, in which a delinquent is released from a custodial sentence and supervised in the community
      - community treatment
- - - - 21 states adopted probation by 1920
      - 44 states adopted probation by WWII
      - began as second chance, evolved to supervision and service provision
    - - assisting the judiciary with presentence investigations
      - supervise clients to keep them out of trouble and enforce the conditions of their sentences
      - expected to act like social workers(housing, employment, and treatment services)
- - - - expiration release: the release of an inmate from incarceration, without further correctional supervision
      - mandatory release: the required release of an inmate from incarceration to community supervision upon the expiration of a certain period; as specified by a determinate sentencing law or parole guidelines
      - other conditional release: a term used in some states to avoid the rigidity of mandatory release by placing convicts in various community settings, under supervision
    - - work and educational release: daytime release of inmates to attend work or school
      - furloughs: temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a visit home
      - halfway house: transitional facility for soon-to-be released inmates that connects them to the community services, resources, and support