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Grant 1998 (Sample (39 participants, Aged 17-56 years, Mean age of 23.4…
Grant 1998
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Method
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Independent variables
Studied in silence, tested in silence
Studies in noise, tested in noise
Studied in noise, tested in silence
Studied in silence, tested in noise
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Procedure
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All wore headphones (in silent condition, participants were told they would not hear anything. In noisy condition, participants were told they would hear noise but to ignore it)
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Participants were given 2 minute break, and were then given the short answer test, followed by the multiple choice test
Background
Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968 proposed the multi-store memory model, suggested sensory memory had a duration of 0.25-2 seconds, and suggested that short term memory has space for 5-9 items and has a duration of 30 seconds
Godden & Baddeley 1975 showed the divers who learnt words under water were more likely to remember them under water
Smith 1988 showed mixed results on students on exam performance when they were tested in the same/different room
Smith & Vela 2001 argued that context is less important that remembering material by visualising it in your mind
Keywords
Context dependent memory: Improved recall of specific information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same
Aim
To show that environmental context can have a more positive effect on performance in a meaningful memory test when the test takes place in the same environment in which the to be remembered material was originally studied (matching condition) that when the test occurs in a different environment (non-matching condition)
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