Reproductive and Development
Male Reproductive
Female Reporductive (inner to outer)
Testes
Follicles: Oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
Uterine (Fallopian) tubes: Infundibilum, ampulla, isthmus
Uterus
Vagina
Hormones
Hormones
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethera
Secondary organs
seminal vessicles
prostate gland
bulourethral glands
penis
Mentural Cycle
Ovulation
Luteal
Follicular phase
Day 1-13
inhibin release
Prevents excessive follicle developement
Primary follicle finishes Meiosis I
forms polar body and secondary oocyte
day 14 of 28 day cycle
Mature follicle releases secondary oocyte
Induced with peak LH secretion
day 15-28
Remaining follicles become corpus luteum
Temporary endocrine gland
secretes progesterone and estrogen
Prepares uterus for fertilized oocyte
Life span of 10-13 days if oocyte not fertilized
Meiosis
Meiosis 1
Meiosis 2
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Prophase 1
Telophase 1
Replicated chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
Crossover of maternal and paternal chromosomes
shuffling of genetic material ensures genetic diversity
Homogulus pairs line up at equator of cell
spindle fibers extend from centriols and attach to each chromosome
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Homogulus pairs of chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite ends
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Nuclear division finishes
two new cells are produced
each contains 23 replicated chromosomes
same as mitosis
Oogenesis
Childhood
Monthly from puberty to menopause
Before birth
Oogonia are diploid cells
Mitotic divisions produce primary oocytes
Primary oocytes start meiosis
Ovary inactve
houses primordial follicles
about 20 primordial follicles mature into primary follicles
some primary mature to secondary
one secondary matures
if secondary follicle fertilized it completes secondary mieotic division and becomes an ovum
Spermatogenesis
sperm develop from spermatogonia
Meiosis 1 begins and secondary spermatocyte formed
Meiosis 2 begins to produce spermatids
morphologic changes produce sperm
Development
Week three
Week four
Week Two
Month Two
Week One
Fertilization creates zygote
Cleavage of zygote
Morula- solid ball stage
Blastocyst hollow ball stage with inner cell mass
Implantation in endometrium of uterus
Chorionic villi appear
Inner cell mast forms embryonic disc with ectoderm, mesoderm, endodern
Amnion forms
Heart begins to form and beat
Neural tube forms
Somites form
Amnion nearly covers embryo
Chorion well developed
Spinal cord and brain form
Internal organs form
somites prestent
Embryo fully covered in amnion
Cartilage skeleton and muscles develop
Facial features appear
all internal organs complete with some fuctioning
Extremities develop
Cartilage Skeleton and muscles complete
placenta and umbilical cord function
Facial features nearly complete
Embryo assumes a human appearance
Third-Ninth Month
Bone tissue begins to replace cartilage
Embryo now fetus until birth
Sex detected at 9-12 weeks
Skin features and hair develop
Rapid growth all organs function except for respiratory and reproductive
Blood formation in bones begins
testosterone
stimulates libido and development of secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen
Initiates and maintains growth of functional layer of endometrium
Progesteron
increase blood vessel distribution, uterine gland size, and nutrient production