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Chapter 23 (Carbohydrates ((Monosaccharides are the simple sugars,…

- - - - Glucose: a six-carbon sugar that is present in high concentration in blood.
      - Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together.
      - Polysaccharides are polymers of simple sugars made up of 12 or more monomers.
      - Glycogen is an important polysaccharide found in animals that is used to store energy.
      - Starch and cellulose are also important polysaccharides found in starch.
- - - - DNA contains four different nitrogenous bases.
      - Adenine
      - Thymine
      - Cytosine
      - Guanine
      - RNA allows cells to use genetic information found in DNA.
- - - - Amino acids are organic molecules that have both an amino group and an acidic carboxyl group.
      - Each amino acid has a central carbon atom, with four groups arranged around it: an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and variable side chain.
      - Many Functions of Protein :question:
        
        Enzyme, Hormones, Transport proteins, Structural Support and Communication
    - - The amide bond that joins the two amino acids is called a peptide bond.
      - Peptide chains of ten or more
        amino acids are called polypeptides.
    - - When a chain reaches 50 or more amino acids, it is called a protein.
      - Only 20 different amino acids exist.
      - Denaturation is the process in which a protein’s natural three-dimensional structure is disrupted.
        
        Changes in temperature, ionic strength, pH