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BRITAIN Topic 2 - Provision of Welfare Support (Challenges to Welfare…
BRITAIN Topic 2 - Provision of Welfare Support
Unemployment
National Insurance Act 1911
- wasn't helped by war as many became eligible - caused
Unemployment Insurance Act 1920
- self funding scheme but claimants drain the scheme due to post war slump
Local Government Act 1929
- sets up PACS and shifted control from Poor Law (abolished) to local authorities
1931 National Economy Act
means tests are introduced - unfair and acted as 400,000 were rejected
1934 Unemployment Act
- creates UAB (unemployment assistance board) - built on changes of 1931
Welfare before WW1
Based on self-help
Workhouses - for those who reached lowest level of poverty
1834 Poor Law Amendment Act
Reformers: Rowntree and Booth (30% living in poverty)
Pensions
Pensions Act 1908
- introduces pensions
1925 Widows, Orphans and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act
- includes those excluded
Impact of WW2/ Total War
Universal rationing and communal bombing
Call for fair share
Evacuations - acceptance for change
Success of state intervention
Keynesian economics
Borrowing and spending resulting in victories of welfare
Housing
1918 Slum clearance
1919 Housing and Town Planning Act
- failed Homes Fit For Heroes - 822,000 housing shortage
1923/24 Housing Acts
- 4 million houses
Beveridge Report
1942 - aimed to deal with five giants: Want (National Insurance), Idleness (Employment), Ignorance (Education),Squalor (Rehousing) and Disease (NHS)
Labour's implementation
Family Allowances Act 1945
- mothers had non-means tested benefits
National Insurance 1946
- compulsory universal contributory system
Industrial Accident Act 1948
- additional cover for injuries
National Assistance Act 1948
- finical help to the poor
Pamphlets such as 'Family Guide to National Insurance'
Challenges to Welfare provisions 1964-79
Costs and impact and benefits
Bread dependency - criticised by Thatcher
1959 National Insurance Act - tries to regulate spending on pensions
Baby Boom post war causes increases in need for education
Increase in life expectancy
Continued welfare
Wilson's
commitment to the welfare state led to economic crisis
1970 National Insurance Act
- gave pensions to those not covered in 1948, attendance allowance, increased child benefit to mothers
Challenges
Keith Joseph
- challenges welfare provisions
Right wingers at the think tank Institute of Economic Affairs
Welfare + inflation (gov borrowing increased the amount of money in the economy without increasing number of goods) and dependency
IMF cuts