Approaches and methods in language teaching

Technology in Teaching

 Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

Learner autonomy

The Direct Method

Audio-lingual Method

Syllabus Design

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)

  1. Fluency may have to take on more importance than accuracy.
  2. Negotiation of meaning
  3. fluency-based activities

Drawbacks

Communicative competence
with the pragmatic (strategic, sociolinguistic, functional) aspects

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Disadvantages

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SAMR

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Computer assisted language learning (CALL)

  1. Non-native English language teachers may not proficient in L2 or the knowledge of the subject.(certain concept may explain vaguely)
  2. They may not have sufficient grasp of the content

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  1. Using the foreign language as the medium of communication
  2. Not a language lesson, but a subject lesson

Drawbacks

Language learning is a form of habit.

  1. repetitive drills, overlearning
  2. Little or no grammar explanation
  3. Grammar is taught inductively
  4. focus on accuracy, pronunciation
  5. produce error-free utterances.

Students still make errors out of the classroom

Lots of oral interaction, spontaneous use of the language

No translation between L1 and L2

Second Language Learning should be more like L1 learning

Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught

Concrete vocabulary

Berlitz language school

Drawbacks

The constraints of the budget for small classes

Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context.

Analytic syllabus

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Synthetic syllabus

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Meaning is paramount.

Famous Figure: Tomlinson (1998)

Lexical
Structural
Notional-functional
Relational

The procedural syllabus
The process syllabus
The Task-based lsyllabus

Mostly set by the teacher
focus on "what is to be learned"

1.Students take on more responsibility

  1. Discovery learning
  2. focus on "how is to be learned"

discrete linguistic items

  • emphasize the process of learning
    language performance

Notions and functions are clearly linguistic units
(ex: practice request or apologies)

Drawbacks

Not a meaningful acquisition

The lack of authenticity

Syllabus

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  1. Negotiation of meaning is primary.

Augmentation: interactive multi-media, video, audio, hyperlink to website

Modification: collaborate on research and writing

Substitution: Convert the existing content lesson into an electronic format, scan classroom documents

Redefinition: create messaging that's reflective of their learning
Students can work together to create the content

  1. Real-world task
  1. Pedagogical task

using a telephone, ask the policeman about the directions

information gap task

Interactive whiteboard for SAMR