Approaches and methods in language teaching
Technology in Teaching
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Learner autonomy
The Direct Method
Audio-lingual Method
Syllabus Design
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)
- Fluency may have to take on more importance than accuracy.
- Negotiation of meaning
- fluency-based activities
Drawbacks
Communicative competence
with the pragmatic (strategic, sociolinguistic, functional) aspects
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Disadvantages
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SAMR
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Computer assisted language learning (CALL)
- Non-native English language teachers may not proficient in L2 or the knowledge of the subject.(certain concept may explain vaguely)
- They may not have sufficient grasp of the content
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- Using the foreign language as the medium of communication
- Not a language lesson, but a subject lesson
Drawbacks
Language learning is a form of habit.
- repetitive drills, overlearning
- Little or no grammar explanation
- Grammar is taught inductively
- focus on accuracy, pronunciation
- produce error-free utterances.
Students still make errors out of the classroom
Lots of oral interaction, spontaneous use of the language
No translation between L1 and L2
Second Language Learning should be more like L1 learning
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught
Concrete vocabulary
Berlitz language school
Drawbacks
The constraints of the budget for small classes
Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context.
Analytic syllabus
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Synthetic syllabus
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Meaning is paramount.
Famous Figure: Tomlinson (1998)
Lexical
Structural
Notional-functional
Relational
The procedural syllabus
The process syllabus
The Task-based lsyllabus
Mostly set by the teacher
focus on "what is to be learned"
1.Students take on more responsibility
- Discovery learning
- focus on "how is to be learned"
discrete linguistic items
- emphasize the process of learning
language performance
Notions and functions are clearly linguistic units
(ex: practice request or apologies)
Drawbacks
Not a meaningful acquisition
The lack of authenticity
Syllabus
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- Negotiation of meaning is primary.
Augmentation: interactive multi-media, video, audio, hyperlink to website
Modification: collaborate on research and writing
Substitution: Convert the existing content lesson into an electronic format, scan classroom documents
Redefinition: create messaging that's reflective of their learning
Students can work together to create the content
- Real-world task
- Pedagogical task
using a telephone, ask the policeman about the directions
information gap task
Interactive whiteboard for SAMR