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Approaches and methods in language teaching (The Direct Method (Drawbacks,…
Approaches and methods in language teaching
Technology in Teaching
SAMR
Augmentation:
interactive multi-media
, video, audio, hyperlink to website
Modification:
collaborate
on research and writing
Substitution: Convert the existing content lesson into an electronic format, scan classroom documents
Redefinition: create messaging that's reflective of their learning
Students can work together to create the content
Interactive whiteboard for SAMR
Computer assisted language learning (CALL)
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Disadvantages
Non-native English language teachers may not proficient in L2 or the knowledge of the subject.(certain concept may explain vaguely)
They may not have sufficient grasp of the content
Using the foreign language as the medium of communication
Not a language lesson, but a
subject lesson
Learner autonomy
The Direct Method
Lots of oral interaction,
spontaneous use of the language
No translation between L1 and L2
Second Language Learning should be more like L1 learning
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught
Concrete vocabulary
Berlitz language school
Drawbacks
The constraints of the budget for small classes
Audio-lingual Method
Drawbacks
Students still make errors out of the classroom
Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context.
Language learning is a form of habit.
repetitive drills, overlearning
Little or no grammar explanation
Grammar is taught inductively
focus on accuracy, pronunciation
produce error-free utterances.
Syllabus Design
Analytic syllabus
The procedural syllabus
The process syllabus
The Task-based lsyllabus
1.Students take on more responsibility
Discovery learning
focus on "how is to be learned"
emphasize the process of learning
language performance
Synthetic syllabus
Lexical
Structural
Notional-functional
Relational
Mostly set by the teacher
focus on "what is to be learned"
discrete linguistic items
Notions and functions are clearly linguistic units
(ex: practice request or apologies)
Drawbacks
Not a meaningful acquisition
The lack of authenticity
Famous Figure: Tomlinson (1998)
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Fluency may have to take on more importance than accuracy.
Negotiation of meaning
fluency-based activities
Drawbacks
Communicative competence
with the pragmatic (strategic, sociolinguistic, functional) aspects
Meaning is paramount.
Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)
Syllabus
Real-world task
using a telephone, ask the policeman about the directions
Pedagogical task
information gap task
Negotiation of meaning is primary.