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Influences on Darwin (Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Lamarck believed that…
Influences on Darwin
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Lamarck believed that organisms improve traits through increased use and then pass the improved feature on to their offspring.
According to this idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics, giraffes have long necks because early giraffes stretched their necks to reach tall trees and then passed the longer necks on to their calves.
Charles Lyell
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He recorded detailed observations of both rocks and fossils and used present patterns and processes as keys to past events.
Thomas Malthus
Malthus' six editions of An Essay on the Principle of Population, published from 1798 to 1826, observed that sooner or later populations get checked by famine and disease. Malthus described a human “struggle for existence”, due to exponential population growth and limited food.
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Artificial Selection
By choosing which animals reproduced, breeders could achieve remarkable changes and diversity in a relatively short time. Variations in traits were clearly abundant and heritable.
Darwin referred to selective breeding as artificial selection. His observations of how artificial selection worked helped him to develop his concept of natural selection.
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Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace, a naturalist whose work in Malaysia led him to conclusions similar to Darwin’s. In 1858 - over 20 years after the Beagle returned to England - Wallace sent Darwin a paper which described concepts nearly identical to Darwin’s ideas about evolution and natural selection.
Wallace and Darwin had the same theory and the same idea, but Darwin's is more well known.
Barnicles
Darwin initiated his study of barnacles to thoroughly understand at least one species, and their variations, before making the general statements needed for his theory of evolution by natural selection.