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Wk 1 CSB520 Notes (Atrophy (reversible? depends on type of cell. If the…

- - - - programmed cell death or suicide
      - physiological or pathological
        
        Physiological: embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, removal of redundant cells, immune function
        
        pathological: pathological atrophy to stop necrosis, transplant rejections, auto-immune diseases, infections
      - active dismantling of cell
      - form apoptotic bodies (membrane bound)
        
        no inflammation or scarring
        
        one cell can die without impacting others
      - is an active proces
    - - neighbouring cells undergo necrosis
        
        contents spill out and whole area undergoes infarct
      - stimulation of acute inflammation
      - loss/reduced tissue function
      - only ever pathological
      - is a passive process
    - - duration
      - severity of application
      - how young/healthy the cell is
  - - - self-eating
      - remove dodgy organelles (mitochondria), only way
      - way to resist and survive stressful situations
        
        some cells are more resistant to stress
      - young cells choose to shrink to need less oxygen and nutrients
      - can come back to original size
      - in older people, autophagy is inhibited and cell will undergo apoptosis
        
        Lesser degree of stress is needed to start necrosis
      - sudden severe stress is always necrosis no matter how healthy the cell is
      - decrease in cell size
    - - take away the stress, the adaptation is reversible
    - - increased workload on left ventricle: sustained increase in HR or force of contraction
        
        caused by over-activation of SNS, valve disease, hypertension
      - right: heart defect, increased pressure in pulmonary circuit from congestion, loss of vasculature
      - reduces reserve capacity of heart so more likely to fail
- - - - engulfment
        
        killing and degradation by lysosomes