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Vascular Plants without seeds (The megaphyll line of evolution:…
Vascular Plants without seeds
Early vascular plants
Rhyniophytes
Upright stems, simple
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Equal dichotomous branching
Sporangious tissue on ends
Zosterophyllophytes
Small herbs
🚫 secondary growth
Lateral sporangia
Sporangia open transversely
Xylem was exarch prostole
1st vascular plants
The microphyll line of evolution: lycophytes
Morphology
Nations large (up to 4cm)
Single trace of vascular tissue
Leaf
Microphyll
Heterospory
Cones
Strobili
Convergent evolution
Leaves
Roots
Secondary growth
Extant genera
Mostly small herbs with prostate rhizomes
True roots & short upright branches
Ligule, small flap of tissue
The megaphyll line of evolution: euphyllophytes
Trimerophytes
Terminal sporangia
Homospory
Dichotomous branching
Overtopping
One stem more vigorous
Pseudomonopodial branching
Single main trunk
Origin of megaphylls
Leaves on gametophytes of nonvascular plants
Enations
Megaphylls
Monilophytes
Megaphylls
Roots have exarch xylem
30-kilobase inversion
Equisetophytes
Scouring rushes
Horsetails
Ferns
Dominate earth
Leptosporangiate ferns
Fern sporangia
Vascular Cryptograms
Ferns and fern allies
Vascular tissue
Hidden reproduction