Semantic classification of adverbial clauses

1)

3)
4)
5)

concessive 💁🏽 (=přípustkové)

  • (although, though, while, whereas, even if)
    • While I don't want to make a fuss, i feel I must protest...
    • verb-less: Whatever the reason,...
    • asyndetic: Try as I may, I couldn't succeed.

conditional-concessive (=podmínkovo-přípustkové)

  • alternative: (either-or, whether-or)
    • 2 alternatives
    • He is getting married, whether or not he find a job
  • universal: (wh-ever: whatever, however,..)
    • infinite number of open options
    • Don't let them in, whoever they are.

conditional ‼ (=vlastně kondicionály)

  • (if, given (that), on condition (that), provided that, providing (that, supposing (that), unless, in case)
    • open: If anything occurs, I will let you know. (=1st cond)
    • hypothetical: If he changed his mind, we would go for a trip) (=2nd, 3rd)
    • rhetorical: If you believe that, you will believe anything.

temporal 🕔

  • (after, as, before, once, since)
    • Buy you ticket as soon as you reach the station
    • He reagerded me for a full three seconds before he answered my question.
    • Art is no longer art once it becomes boring.
  • simultaneous action (while), subsequent (after), previous action (before)

10, 11, 12

13, 14, 15, 16

2)

locative 🏞

  • (relative pronouns: where, whereever, wither, whence)
    • Whence I looked there was a fine view
    • Where grown, the oranges are ripe.
    • I had to go wherever I found a job.

6, 7, 8, 9

contrast

  • (whereas, while, whilst)
  • She plays the guitar, while he plays the clarinet.
  • parallel structures

exception

  • (but that, except that, excepting, only, save)
  • *I'd pay you now except that I have no money.

reason, cause

  • (because, since, as, for, seeing that)
  • As Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others.

purpose

  • (in order to, so as to, in order that, so that)
  • prospective, future oriented
  • The school closes earlier so that the children can get home before dark.

accompanying circumstances

  • Without calling again and again,...

instrument 🎻 (=prostředková)

  • (by, in such way that)
  • Life can be studied in such a way that we study primitive forms.

comment clause

  • (as)
  • common in speech; disjuncts
  • As you know, she is in a family way.

preference

  • (rather than, sooner than)
  • Rather than go by air, I'd take the slowest train

manner/ similarity and comp/ comparative

  • (like, as, as if, as though)
  • Her voice broke as if she was going to cry.

effect, result

  • (so, so that)
  • action that took place already
  • We took no notice of him, so that he flew into a rage.

proportion

  • (as (..so), the...the)
  • The larger the house, the greater its value