Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Non-Verbal Communication (Lies & Deception (Ekman: Leakage hierarchy -…
Non-Verbal Communication
Functions
Patterson
- To provide information to others
- To regulate interaction (e.g. turn-taking)
- To express intimacy
- To attempt to exert social control
- Presentation
- Affect management
Parallel processing model - 4 'classes of factors':
- Determinants (biology, culture, gender etc)
- Social environment (partner, setting)
- Cognitive-affective mediators (goals, disposition)
- Person-perception & behavioural processes (impression formation)
^ Many 'automatic' judgements may be biologically based e.g. hearing your child cry --> innate need to help (unconscious)
-
-
-
Different Channels
Channels
- Facial expression
- Gaze & pupil dilation
- Gestures & posture
- Touch/contact
- Clothing
- Smell
-
Speech tone = interesting --> some mental disorders --> monotone (depression)
Accent - status hierarchy (B'ham rated at bottom & BBC at top)
Smell - choosing to wear a certain scent --> sends signals - power of pheromones (UCS threat feeling)
-
-
-
-
Culture
E.g. touch Jourard - couples in Puerto Rico, Paris & London
- GB = non-contact culture - PR = 120 times, Paris = 50, London = 0
Dealing with death - some cultures wear black, some celebrate
-
Decoding Emotions
Matsumoto: compared US & Japanese PPs on recognition of 6 emotions - US better at identifying anger, disgust, fear & sadness
Japanese dont display emotions in public , USA = individualistic (Window to emotions) Japanese = collectivist
Context
Same NVC can mean different things in different contexts - need to understand the context of communication
Rozelle: Police & citizens - people seemed like a criminal --> POs read into NVC even when they weren't guilty - just nerves of being in a police station
Lies & Deception
Ekman: Leakage hierarchy - Face = least leaky, body & voice = most leaky
Stiff & Miller: Judges rely too much on stereotypical cues = misleading
Any awkwardness seen as lying (e.g. no eye contact - could be social anxiety)
-
When situation lower the number of NVC channels - reduce the ability to detect deception e.g. breaking up over text
Micro-expressions = give-aways of lying --> window to true emotions e.g. showing anger in courtroom for split second
Vrij: Police perform better than chance for lie detection - incorrect information in training manuals for law enforcement
- PPs under high cognitive load (make something up) - try to get more time to come up with lie (pauses and uh's)
ten Brinke: Videos of people who made pleas for return of relative - they could label genuine & deceptive pleas
- Murderers showed little disgust, fewer words, blinked more
- Real world (= real, high stakes lies) - better than lab