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INFINITIVE (non-finite word form) (transformations (condensations)…
INFINITIVE (non-finite word form)
forms
regular to-inf (
to be
) x bare inf. (
be
)
passive (
to be done
) x active (
to do
)
simple (
to write
) x progressive (
to be writing
)
present (
to write
) x perfect (
to have written
)
split infinitive (
to systematically account for
)
syntactic functions
Subject:
To err is human.
(proverbs, clichés)
Object:
I want to see them
(x verbs of perception:
I heard the door bang.
)
Subject complement:
They are to blame.
Adverbs:
Adjuncts
goal
they came to visit us
cause
I shuddered to think about this
effect
we're not so foolish as to believe it
comparison
nothing is better than to be honest
manner
she smiled as if to disagree with me
purpose
they practiced to pass the exam
Conjuncts = connective (
to sum up
)
Disjuncts = attitudinal (
to change the subject
)
post-modification (attribute):
he is not a nice person to talk to
part of ADJ phrase/complementation:
I will be happy to send you the invitation.
an apposition
your ambition, to become a parent, calls for...
subject of infinitive
finite + non-f = same S:
I tried to persuade him
S of infinitive is not the S of the whole sentence:
it means a lot for him to pay the sum, it was rude of you to say this, you can depend upon us to help you
transformations (condensations)
anticipatory IT + extraposed S
to interpret the message proved impossible
>>
interpreting the message proved impossible
object raising
it is hard to deal with this problem
>>
this problem is difficult to deal with
(O of the inf. clause >> S),
Elizabeth is pleasure to teach
anticipatory IT + extraposed O
Telling her about it will be left to you
>>
I will leave it to you to tell her about it
split S
His success is likely
>>
He's likely to succeed
subject raising
it seems that he's clever
>>
he seems to be clever
O + inf.
I told her to stay. She made me laugh.* (perception)
APAKOINOU CONSTRUCTIONS
I ask you to come later
fronting
and help her they did
modification
the question to be aske; the problem is whether to start the process, or not