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The Psychodynamic Approach (Psychosexual stages (Phallic 3-5yrs (Focus of…
The Psychodynamic Approach
Structure of the personality
Ego
2 years
Reality principle
Reduces conflict between ID and Superego by using defence mechanisms
Super ego
3-6 years
Morality principle
Stops you behaving selfishly
ID
From birth
Pleasure principle
Seeks immediate gratification
Psychosexual stages
Phallic 3-5yrs
Focus of pleasure is genital area, experience Oedipus and Electra complex
Homesexuality, promiscuous
Latency
Earlier conflicts are repressed
Anal 1-3 yrs
Focus of pleasure is anus, can be retentive or expulsive
Retentive = tidy and perfectionist
Expulsive = messy
Oral 0-1yrs
Focus of pleasure is mouth
Smoking, biting nails
Genital
Sexual desires become conscious due to puberty
Electra complex: Girls experience penis envy and show attraction towards their father.
Oedipus complex: Boys see girls and believe they will be castrated, they model their father because he has not be castrated, they therefore show attraction towards their mother
Defence mechanisms
Repression: Unconsciously forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind
Denial: Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
Displacement: Transferring feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target
Uses case study of little Hans which cannot be generalised
Abstract theories/ focus on unconscious so cannot be scientifically tested