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Offer & Acceptance (Contracts (Classical approach to contract…

- - - - These form the process by which agreements are made
    - - These must be present for the agreement to be legally valid
- - - - Established in Partridge v Crittenden
        
        Exceptions can exist based on circumstances and wording
        
        Carlill v Carbolic - the circumstances test being whether the circumstances clearly show that the advertiser has the intent to honour the promise
        +
        the wording test being whether the ordinary person would construe the advertisement, based on its wording, as an offer or invitation to treat
        
        If both tests are passed, then the offer is one which is made to all the world.
    - - The party calling for tenders has the prerogative in choosing which bid to accept
        
        Established in Spencer v Harding, where the highest bidder was not given the contract
        
        Exception - if the party expressly states condition under which they are bound by
        
        Also established in Spencer v Harding
    - - Established in Fisher v Bell where D was charged with offering to sell an offensive weapon by having it on display in the shop window with a price-tag.