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Tyranny (Sustaining Hierarchies (What does the Sidanius and Pratto Social…

- - - - new dimensions of group comparison
      - redefining value of existing dimension
      - no social action
      - comparison with different outgroups
      - low discrimination
      - competition between subordinate groups
      - increase in social creativity
    - - high discrimination
      - positive social identity change can only be achieved by group actions aimed at influencing social status quo
      - lower status groups develop a social change belief system
      - social competition
      - unrest
      - riots
      - social revolution
    - - lower status groups develop a social mobility belief system encouraging individuals to dissociate from their group and attempt migration into a dominant group
        
        inhibits subordinate group action
        
        means there is discrimination of lower status groups
        
        BUT HEY HOW DO ALL THESE
        ORANGE SITUATIONS RELATE TO SUSTAINING HIERARCHIES???
    - - permeability of social borders
      - legitimisation and reliability of hierarchy
  - - - Glock and Fiske 2001: women accept gender stereotypes and conventional definitions of sex roles
      - Jost et al., 2003: members of disadvantaged groups reject egalitarian alternatives to the status quo (belief all people are equal)
      - Fang 2001: people who are economically disadvantaged oppose income redistribution
- - - - the defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time
        
        contingency model of leadership: depending on the situation different leaders will be more appealing
        
        interactive model: match between characteristics of leader and constituency
    - - weak correlates found
        
        Bales (1950)
        
        task orientated
        
        high on SE orientation
        
        Mullen et al., 1959 :
        
        sociability
        
        need for dominance
        
        self-confidence
        
        talkativeness
        
        Mann (1959)
        
        intelligence
        
        physical attractiveness
      - eg: Weber with charisma being how leaders get to power
  - - - Guinote 2007: improves attentional focus and cognitive flexibility
      - Burgmer and Englich 2012: better motor performance
      - Overbeck and Park 2006: better prioritisation of goal relevant info
      - Smith and Trope 2006: better at extracting the gist
      - Smith et al., 2008: improves performance in complex executive tasks
      - Scholl and Sassenberg 2014: better at learning from mistakes
    - - Kleef et al., 2011: more hypocrisy
      - Fast et al., 2011: over confident
      - Lammers et al., 2011: more infidelity
      - Fast et al., 2009: illusions of control
      - Gruenfield et al., 2008: increases objectification of others
      - Duguid and Goncalo 2011: over estimation of ones height
      - Galinsky et al., 2006: reduces empathy and perspective taking
- - - - when a democratic group falls, people are driven towards autocratic, tyrannically organised groups
        
        they are transformed by membership in those groups; group norms, social learning,
        
        those who support hierarchy are driven towards hierarchical institutions
        
        they are able to normalise oppression
      - What impact does group life have?
        
        authoritarianism is not a stable individual difference but an emergent product of the dynamics of group life
      - What is needed for authoritarianism?
        
        authoritarians are only able to exercise leadership and create an authoritarian world when circumstances move them from a position of extremism to one where they represent the wider group
      - Why would people embrace extreme social situations?
        
        people are much more likely to embrace extreme social systems when their own groups have failed and when authoritarian leaders seem to be required to bring order to a world of chaos
    - - Stanford Prison Experiment
      - BBC Prison Study