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Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers (Gymnosperms) (Division…
Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers (Gymnosperms)
Concepts
lignophytes
woody plants
Spermatophytes
seed plants
manoxylic wood
soft,spongy,enchymatous wood
pycnoxylic
hard,strong,parenchyma wood
gymnosperms
"naked ovules"
flat sporopylls
pine cones
angiosperms
flowering plants
carpels
tube-like
closed structure
fruits
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
Archaeopteridales
trees up to 8.4 m
abundant wood
secondary phloem
siphonostele
pith surrounded
ring of primary xylem
spirally arranged leaves
megaspores and microspores
Evolution of Seeds
integument
layer of tissue
micropyle
hole in the integument
pollen chamber
holding area
Aneurophytales
shrubs -large trees
12 m tall
primary xylem
protostele
vascular cambium
secondary growth
little webbing
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
form a grade
any woody plants
fern-like foliage
bore seeds
some resembled ferns
others vines
long-lived
vascular cambium
xylem and phloem
longer tracheids
wood was manoxylic
softer/less dense
Division Cycadeoidophyta:Cycads
stout trunks
pinnately compound leaves
short plants
less than - m
trunk covered in bark
and leaves
stems
thick cortex
secretory ducts
tracheids are long&wide
massive rays
most support
tough leaf bases
seed cones
pollen cones
always dioecious
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
diverse
all are trees
moderate-gigantic size
never vines,herbs,annuals
never bulbs, rhizomes
leaves
perennial
1or2 veins
needle shaped
endodermis
transfusion tissue
transfusion parenchyma
transfusion tracheids
long shoots
tiny papery leaves
short shoots
long needle leaves
simple cones
pollen cones
single short
unbranched axis
bears microsporophylls
compound cones
seed cones
shoot with axillary buds
cone bracts
axillary buds
bears megasporophylls
ovuliferous scale
fused to bract
suspensor
pushes cells
into megagametophyte
proembryo
develop in the embryo
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
all extinct
vegetative features
cones
megasporangium
megasporophylls
each ovule
had stalk
thick,fleshy scale
located below
cluster of megasporophylls
curved upward
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
looks similar to
large dicot tree
stout trunk
many branches
wood like conifers
broad leaves
turn yellow n autumn
lacks vessels
lacks axial parenchyma
short roots
long shoots
reproduction
dioecious&gymnospermous
cones not produced
Division Gnetophyta
small shrubs
broad leaves
desert regions
leaves
reduced&scale like
