Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Energy Resource (Energy Demands (. (HEP = 7%
Nuclear = 4%
Other = 3%), .…
Energy Resource
Energy Demands
Mostly met by fossil fuels
(Oil, Gas, Coal)
1kg = 30MJ
from U-ground/ U-sea bed
non-renewable
Incrse greenhouse lvl
Cause global warming
Release CO2, SO2
Nuclear, Bio-fuel, Renewable
produce some energy you use
U, Pu - fuel for nuclear
Much more energy/kg
than fossil fuels
-
-
non-renewable
Incrse greenhouse lvl
Cause global warming
Release CO2, SO2
-
.
Bio-fuel - renewable
e.g. Methane, Ethanol
Can generate electricity
Sun & Geo
Energy
-
-
-
-
Solar uses:
Small amounts
(watches, calculators)
Remote places
(small islands in ocean)
-
Solar power tower: 20MW
Thousands of flat mirrors
reflect sunlight to water tank
Ground piped to ground lvl
Turns generators
Computer mirrors track sun
few thousand homes
Can heat buildings
(Ground source heat)
Water in U-ground pipes
pumped round building
Also underfloor heating
Cost
Comparisons
Capital costs: (cost/kW)
Building, Decommission
Lowest for gas
Greatest for wind & nuclear
Running costs: (cost/kWh)
Fuel, Maintenance
-
-
-
Energy-saving schemes:
Home insulation
reduce N.renewable demand
Home owners pay upfront
Money back, reduced fuel bills
-
Wind & Water Power
-
-
Tide power station:
Traps high tide (barrage)
used to turn generators
Severn estuary, best site
Becomes narrower up-river
Funnels tide higher
Also undersea turbines
-
Wave power:
floating generator
Moves up, down
Cable delivers energy
.
Spoils coastline
Change tidal flow
Affects marine, bird life
Bio-fuels
Methane from:
Cows/animal manure
Sewage works
Decaying rubbish, Others
Used in gas-fired stations
E.g. of bio-fuel
Fuel from living/
Recently living organism
E.g. Animal waste
Used in modified engine transport
E.g. straw, nutshells, wood chip
Bio-diesel:
Wast veg oil, plants
(rapeseed)
-
-
-
Energy
& Environment
Fossil fuels release CO2
Increase level of G.house gases
Could cause global warming
SO2 also released (acid rain)
should remove sulphur impurities
CCS stops emissions
Stored in old oil, gas fields
Oil, gas run out in next 50 years
Coal will last longer
-
-
Renewable: cons
cover large area (solar)
Can disturb natural habitats
Can't meet world demand
Noise pollution (wind)
Disturb river estuary habitat
Habitats flood (HEP)
Unreliable (solar, wind)
Only work at daytime (solar)
Affected by droughts (HEP)
Monthly, Yearly cycle (Tidal)
-
Energy issues
Gas-fired, HEP stations
can meet variations in demand
& extra demand in winter
Nuclear power stations
expensive to build, run, decommission
Works as base load demand w/ coal
Renewable:
Cheap to run, expensive to install
For high demand, suitable conditions
For low demand to store in PS schemes
(Pump water uphill to reservoir for HEP)
(Used for high demand reserves)
Nuclear, CC fossil & Renewable:
Likely needed, future energy supply
CCS likely to be expensive
Nuclear
-
-
Energy transferred by fluid
(called coolant)
pumped through core
Very hot when it leaves
Flows to heat exchanger
(turns water to steam)
Inside a power station
-
Fossil Fuels:
Formed by dead plant/animal matter
Compressed, heated, millions of years
(Oil, Coal, Gas)
Releases greenhouse gases