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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Divison…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Concepts
Nonvascular Plants
"bryophytes"
don't have vascular tissue or seeds
Vascular Cryptogams
have vascular tissue but no seeds
Spermatophytes
have both seeds and vascular tissue
Figure 20-1
Table 20-1
Figure 20-5
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyte Generation
Morphology
Gametophores
leafy stems
Mosses
occurs in all parts of the world
Water Transport
Hydroids
the innermost cortex composed of cells
Leptoids
cells that resemble sieve cells
Rhizoids
base of the stem
small, multicellular trichome-like structures that penetrate the surface of the substrate
Development
Protonema
entire network
Reproduction
Antheridia
consists of a short stalk
outer most layer of sterile cells
inner mass of cells that differentiate into sperm cells
Archegonia
where eggs occur
The Sporophyte Generation
Foot
bulbous tissue
Capsule
simple apical sporangium
Operculum
separates from the rest of the sporangium as cells are torn apart
Peristome Teeth
exquisitely complex teeth
Calyptra
the apex the sporangium in many species is covered by this
Figure 20-16
Division Hepatophya: Liverworts
The Gametophyte Generation
Leafy Liverworts
Thallose Liverworts
Table 20-5
Thallus
a body without roots or stems
Air Pores
large air chambers
Figure 20-22
Antheridiophore
umbrella shaped outgrowth
Archegoniophores
stalks
apex is a set of radiating fingers that project outward and droop downward
Liverworts
small plants that have an alternation of heteromorphic generations
The Sporophyte Generation
Elaters
single, elongated cells with spring-shaped walls
Divison Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
Hornworts
group of small, inconspicuous thalloid plants that grow on moist soil, hidden by grasses and other herbs
Figure 20-28
