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Acne (Diagnosis (GRADE 1: - mildest form of acne, no inflammation,…
Acne
Diagnosis
GRADE 1: - mildest form of acne, no inflammation, displays whitehead/blackhead
GRADE 2: moderate acne, more whitehead/blackhead than grade 1. Papules and pustules more frequently found
GRADE 3: moderate to severe acne. Difference between grade 3 and grade 2 is the amount of inflammation. More redness and inflammation found. Nodules present
GRADE 4: most severe. Many pastules, nodules & cysts. Pronounced inflammation and breakouts likely to extend to other areas other than face such as neck, upper chest & back
Causes
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Hormones. Androgens are hormones that increase in boys and girls during puberty and cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Hormonal changes related to pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives also can affect sebum production. And low amounts of androgens circulate in the blood of women and can worsen acne.
Certain medications. Examples include drugs containing corticosteroids, testosterone or lithium.
Diet. Studies indicate that certain dietary factors, including skim milk and carbohydrate-rich foods — such as bread, bagels and chips — may worsen acne. Chocolate has long been suspected of making acne worse. A small study of 14 men with acne showed that eating chocolate was related to a worsening of symptoms. Further study is needed to examine why this happens and whether people with acne would benefit from following specific dietary restrictions.
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Signs and symptoms
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Small red, tender bumps (papules)
Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips
Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin (nodules)
Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface of the skin (cystic lesions)
Pharmacotherapy
Salicylic Acid
moa: miild comedolytic, surface keratolytic
strength: 0.5%-2%
eg: Neutrogena, acnedote(alba)
Sulphur
moa: keratolytic, antibacterial
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Antibiotics.
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moa: decrease the number of P.acnes colonizing the skin, reducing inflammation.
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Benzoyl Alcohol
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moa: keratolytic/comedolytic. causes desquamation of epithelial cells. prevents closure of pilosebaceous duct. Antibacterial activity.
retinoids
Tretinoin, isotretinoin
moa: reduces amount of oil produced by oil glands. unclog pores, promotes peeling of affected skin areas
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Non-pharmacotherapy
things do at home
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dietary changes --> less fat, sugar , yeast intake
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Goal of Treatment
Prevent scar, reduce number of lesions, minimize embarassment caused by acne.