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LeDrew and Atheism (modern era (In 16th-18th C the rise of reasoned…

- - - - Diederot and d'Holbach accepted:
        
        the autonomy of mechanics (Descartes)
        
        all physical reality was mechanical (Descartes)
        
        the universality of mechanics (Newton)
        
        all physical reality must be explained by mechanical principles (Descartes)
      - Diderot and d'Holbach rejected:
        
        natural philosophy of nature led to God, the transcendant source above nature (Newton)
        
        metaphysics (Descartes)
        
        argument for god (Descartes)
    - - a view of religion as propositional
      - a strong commitment to a naturalist world view
      - the claims made by religion must be rejected as false
      - since religious beliefs and doctrines are founded on subjective experiences or revealed authority rather than scientific evidence, they are also considered to be not just wrong but irrational, pathological and dangerous
  - - - Marx (1818-1883)
        
        1983: "the basis of irreligious criticism is: man makes religfion, religion does not make man. Religion indeed is the self-consciousness and the self-esteem of the man who has not found himself or who has already lost himself "
        
        1983: "the criticism of religion ends in the teaching that man is the highest being for man, hence in the categorical imperative to overthrow all those conditions in which man is debased, enslaved, abandoned, contemtible being"
      - Freud (1856-1939)
        
        1929: "the system of doctrines and promises which on the one hand explains to him the riddles of this world with enviable completeness, and, on the other, assures him that a careful Providence will watch over his life and will compensate him in a future existence for any frustrations he suffers here. the common man cannot imagine this Providence otherwise than in the figure of an enormously exalted father"
      - Feuerbach (1804-1872)
        
        1841: "religion is the disuniting of man from himself; he sets God before him as the antithesis of himself"
        
        LeDrew (2012): "Feuerbach considers this act of projection and what it reveals about the human condition the "true", 'anthropological' essence of Christianity while rejecting its theological claims as false essence
        
        theology is really anthropology
        
        God is the projected human alienation
      - Nietzsche (1804-1900)
        
        1887: "god is dead"
        
        " Ma cannot become Ubermensch - master of himself and creator of his own truth and morality - until God, the universalizing and alienating morality is "dead""
        
        religion as an illusion constructed as an escape from reality
        
        1895: "it is the expression of a profound discontent with the actual"
    - - something irrational and complicated in religious belief