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New Time (Units (Second (SI base unit, Hertz (Hz) — one cycle per second,…

- - - - 7 days
      - 8 days
      - Decimal calendar week
    - - Sunday
      - Monday
      - Other
    - - Counted in hours as well as days (about 40)
      - 4-6 days
  - - - Academical
      - Fiscal
      - Seasonal
      - Depend on the new calendar system
    - - Leap years
        
        366 days long
        
        Skipped every 400 years
      - 365.2425 mean solar days long (Gregorian calendar)
      - Used to count people's age
    - - Orbital period of any planet
        
        Sidereal year
      - Tropical year
      - Anomalistic year
      - Lunar
        
        Full moon cycle
        
        Lunar year
    - - Equinoctial cycle
      - Galactic year
    - - Elapsed
        
        Completed years since the epoch
        
        This convention might be more logical if the order is kept the same
        
        All other units might need to change to this convention too
      - Current
        
        Count begins at the epoch
      - Linear
        
        Probably shouldn't change
        
        Backwards — dates of the past events will repeat
        
        Will turn negative or use labels (AD, BC, etc.) at some point
  - - - Fixed — 28 days
        
        Extra change that is not small
        
        Season and year division confusion
        
        Fixed calendar — simplified system
      - Gregorian calendar — 28-31 days
      - Other?
  - - - Roman numerals
      - Even multiples of 100
        
        1900–1999 — the nineteen hundreds
  - - - Angle is mostly direction-independent
      - When it is — it is shown by + and - signs
  - - - Day of the month
        
        Numerical identification
        
        Backwards numbering
      - Day of the week
        
        Named after planets
        
        Work/weekend
        
        Names and orders won't change as they're not numerical
      - Smallest day — 0 or 1?
    - - Boundaries
        
        Sunrise
        
        Sunrise equation
        
        cos ω₀ = -tan ɸ × tan δ
        
        Variables
        
        ω₀ — hour angle
        
        2 more items...
        
        ɸ —latitude of the observer on the Earth
        
        δ — sun declination
        
        Generalized
        
        a — altitude
        
        Takes atmospheric refraction into consideration
        
        Length of the day = ω₀ × hour / 15°
        
        Sunset
      - Movement
        
        Sun path chart
        
        Only the numbers on it will change
      - Length of the day
    - - Caused by Earth's inclined axis
      - 24h±7.9s
    - - 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds
      - Earth's rotation relative to a distant star
  - - - x000 or x001
  - - - Start
        
        Dawn :city_sunrise:
        
        12 hours
        
        Sunrise — 0 or -6
        
        Noon — 6
        
        Sunset — 12
        
        Sufficient light — daily routines begin
        
        Modern people live relatively independently from daylight
        
        Dawns always are in different time
        
        Midnight :night_with_stars:
        
        Done with modern clock
        
        Difficult to measure
        
        Used now, will cause less changes
        
        Sunset :city_sunset:
        
        24 hours
        
        0 — sunset
        
        14 — sunrise
        
        19 — noon
        
        Shows time left to finish daily routines
        
        Modern people live relatively independently from daylight
        
        A new day starts, but people are going to sleep
        
        Noon :sunny:
        
        Easiest to measure
        
        Was used by astronomers
        
        Julian Date system
        
        Julian Day begins at noon
        
        Date doesn't change during a single night's observing
        
        Doesn't make sense for the new system
        
        Morning (4-8 hours nowadays)
        
        Will not align with the actual sunrise unless a more complex time system is used
        
        May cause more people wake up at the same time — at the beginning of the day
        
        Starting a day from full "24" hours is a nice visual sign
        
        If a person wakes up at the beginning of the day, it's visible how much time is left for sleep
        
        People who wake up earlier than 0 will experience "nighttime problem"
      - Visual-sign-based
        
        Not accurate
        
        Location-dependent
        
        Local custom dependent
        
        Seasonally unequal
      - Midnight vs. Dawn start
        
        Midnight
        
        Keeps sunrise and sunset floating while midnight and noon fixed
        
        Distributes day length variation — easy biological clock adaptation
        
        Date changes when most people are asleep
        
        Easy timezones — noon aligns with longitude
        
        Facilitates New Year's and midnight birthday parties
        
        Dawn
        
        Day begins with a significant visual concept
        
        Biological time perception = real time
        
        No daylight saving time and other confusions
        
        No need to adjust to different sun on wake up
      - When will the new day start?
- - - - UTC
        
        Leap second
        
        Time zones
        
        -12 - +14
      - UT1
      - UT0
      - UT1R
      - UT2
      - New UT-based (?) time standard
  - - - 12-0 AM, 12-0 PM
      - Will it even exist?
      - First half negative, then positive
    - - Time goes from 24 to 0
    - - 25-hour, 28-hour and other time systems
        
        TV programmes
        
        Public transport schedules
        
        If the time will start at midnight — negative numbers
        
        If the time will start in the morning — these systems won't be necessary.
- - - - Raketa
      - Movado
      - Rolex
      - Swatch
    - - Analog
        
        Dial or rotation will change
      - Digital
        
        Will need to be reprogrammed
      - Hybrid
      - Auditory
      - Word
      - Projection
      - Tactile
        
        Difficult to modify existing ones
    - - Electric
      - Atomic
      - Mechanical other
      - Spring-driven
      - Pendulum
      - Hairspring
      - Qartz
      - Optical
      - Relatively easy to reverse
      - Relatively hard to reverse (but most are almost not used nowadays)
  - - - Day of the week determination
        
        Mathematical
        
        Gauss's algorithm
        
        Zeller's algorithm
        
        Corresponding units
        
        Years
        
        Centuries
        
        Months
        
        Days
        
        Tabular methods
        
        Dominical letter
        
        Schwerdtfeger's method
        
        Lewis Carroll's method
        
        Doomsday rule
        
        Most algorithms are easy to change to fit the new system
    - - Lunar
      - Solar
        
        Modern
        
        Gregorian
        
        Julian
        
        Hebrew
        
        Islamic
        
        Hindu
        
        Zoroastrian
        
        Simplified
        
        Depends on the new calendar
        
        Reform proposals
        
        International Fixed Calendar
        
        World Calendar
        
        Holocene calendar
        
        World Season calendar
        
        Pax
        
        Symmetry454
        
        Hanke-Henry Permanent Calendar
        
        Most of them make calendars nice and simple, but have serious issues as a "null" day or weird seasoning
      - Lunisolar
    - - Literal notation of dates
      - Alignment with cycles
        
        Social
        
        Astronomical
        
        Biological
      - Special days and periods (such as leap day or intercalary day)
      - Start of the day time
      - Start of the year
      - Years
        
        Numbering of years
        
        Selection of the epoch
        
        The issue of year zero
      - Leap and common years
      - Grouping of days into subdivisions
        
        Week
        
        Start
        
        Length
        
        Names of days
        
        Months
        
        Number
        
        Length
        
        Names
  - - - Sand clock
- - - - 1, 4, 12, 24, 60 or other number of ticks
      - Numbers #
        
        1-12
        
        12, 3, 6, 9
        
        Often none at all
    - - Minute
        
        60 revolutions per hour
        
        Thin and long
      - Hour
        
        One revolution per 12 hours
        
        Thick and short
        
        Two revolutions per day
      - Second
        
        Longer and thinner
        
        60 revolutions per minute
      - Clockwise rotation #
    - - Relative position
      - Angle or direction
      - Examples
        
        12 o'clock — ahead or above
        
        3 o'clock — right
      - Usage
        
        Aviation
        
        Add low or high for vertical
        
        Generally horizontal
        
        Astronomy: hour angle
        
        24h = 360°
      - Makes it problematic to change clock dial numbers order
    - - Clockwise
      - Counterclockwise
      - Makes it problematic to change clock hands rotation direction #
    - - 60 — superior highly composite number
      - Usage
        
        Time
        
        Angles
        
        Geographic coordinates
  - - - System time
        
        Will need different formatting and computation
      - Unix time
        
        From 01.01.1970, 00:00:00
        
        Seconds elapsed
        
        1 000 000 000 =
        9 September 2001 01:46:40 UT
        
        Year 2038 problem
        
        New computer time system
        
        Conditional addition to the current system (if unix-time > x then compute differently)
      - Synchronisation protocols
        
        Network Time Protocol
        
        Synchronises participating computers to within a few milliseconds of UTC
        
        Ported to almost every computing platform
        
        Precision Time Protocol
        
        On a local area network, it achieves clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range
      - Timestamp
        
        Digitally signed timestamp
        
        Unchangeable, even by the owner
        
        Timestamp creation and checking are algorithmical
        
        Could be replaced with blockchain technology
        
        Good for the new system as the reliability won't be affected by the old algorithms and they don't need to be changed
        
        File timestamps
        
        Will be formatted differently
      - Year 10000 problem (Y10K, deca-millenium bug)
    - - Time
        
        hh:mm:ss
        
        p.m. / a.m. (in 12-hour time)
        
        Different order?
      - Date
        
        Day
        
        DD
        
        D
        
        DDD (in day and year only format)
        
        -th (-st, -nd, -rd)
        
        Month
        
        MM
        
        M
        
        Jan (special: Sept, May, June)
        
        January
        
        Year
        
        YY
        
        YYYY
        
        Common standards
        
        YMD (big-endian)
        
        DMY (little-endian)
        
        MDY
        
        YDM
        
        Separators
        
        /
        
        -
        
        .
        
        Format parts stay the same for as long as the units don't change
      - Examples
        
        23.12.2017 06:24 UTC
        
        Sat Jul 23 02:16:57 2018
      - Other
        
        Day of the week
        
        Monday
        
        Mon
        
        1
        
        Week in a year
        
        w21
        
        w21-2 (Tuesday)
        
        Backwards: 52-0 / 53-1
        
        Time zone
        
        A.D. / B.C.
        
        Depend on the year order
    - - Lexicographical order = chronological order
      - Big-endian
      - YYYY-MM-DD or YYYY-DDD
      - ISO 8601, RFC 3339
      - Impossible to sort lexicographically for the right order
      - New sorting orders needed
      - Counter-lexicographical order = chronological (backwards units)
  - - - six o'clock (6:00)
      - five past/after six (6:05) — [x:01, x:30]
      - Values
        
        Exact
        
        Half
        
        Quarter
        
        Quantitive
      - five to/until/of seven (6:55) — [x:31, x:59]
      - Time of day
        
        Noon (12:00 pm)
        
        Midnight (12:00 am)
        
        Midday (11:00 am — 2:00 pm)
        
        Afternoon (12:00 pm — around 6:00 pm usually)
        
        Sunrise and sunset
        
        Night
        
        Usage: <hour> in the <period>
        
        After dark (9:00 pm -- 1:00 am)
        
        The crack of dawn (4:00 am -- 6:00 am)
        
        Evening
        
        Morning
        
        Day
        
        Nighttime problem
        
        Friday night — night between Friday and Saturday
        
        "today", "tomorrow", "yesterday" — confusing during that time
      - five thirty seven (5:37)
      - "five oh seven" (5:07)
      - Approximations & refinements
        
        almost
        
        exactly
        
        just gone
        
        couple
        
        a few
        
        later
        
        earlier
      - nine seventeen pm (9:17 pm)
      - 0900/1300 etc hours
        (13 hundred hours)
      - it is six (6:00)
      - New
        
        forty to six = 6:40
        
        five to six = 6:05
        
        five past seven = 6:55
        
        Other?
    - - What time is it?
    - - Year
        
        Before 2000
        
        Nineteen eighty two (1982)
        
        2000-2010
        
        Two thousand six (2006)
        
        After 2010
        
        Twenty twenty one (2021)
        
        Two thousand twenty one
        
        Seems to not be affected by the new system
      - Format problem
        
        03.04.2018
        
        March fourth (US)
        
        The third of April
        
        Solution
        
        March 4, 2018
        
        3rd April 2018
        
        A new standard format will solve it
      - Asking
        
        Day of the week
        
        What day is it today?
        
        Date
        
        What date is it?
        
        What is the date (today)?
        
        What is today's date?
        
        Answering
        
        It's the 21th.
        
        It's 12th April.
        
        It's May 10th.
        
        It's Monday.
        
        It's = The date is = Today is
        
        If days are backwards ordinal, they couldn't be called with regular ordinal names
      - Prepositions
        
        on
        
        days
        
        dates
        
        in
        
        month
        
        years
        
        decades
        
        at
        
        particular occasions like 'Christmas'
        
        Seems to not be affected by the new system
    - - Fast / Slow
      - Forward (put watch forward)
      - Ahead
      - Stroke
      - Don't depend on the order of time