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Survey Research (Conducting a Questionnaire study (Constructing the…
Survey Research
Conducting a Questionnaire study
Stating the problem
To motivate respondents
To justify the research effort
Selecting participants
simple random sampling
stratified random sampling and so on
Paper-and pencil question
Constructing the question
easy to respond
types of item
scales items
ranked items
checklist item
free response item
structured/ closed-ended item
unstructured/ open-ended item
avoid jargon
specific!
indicate a point of reference
avoid leading, touchy questions
avoid question that assumes a fact not necessarily true
Don't put important question at the end
Criticisms
Followup activities
Conducting and interview study
Disadvantanges
expensive
time consuming
bias
require interviewing skill
Guides
question to be asked
Semistructured
Structured
Unstructured
all interviews conducted in same manner
each question relates to a specific study topic
Advantages
In-depth data
Followup incomplete responses
Flexible
Questions that cannot effectively be structured
May result in more accurate and honest responses
Communication
Explain unclear question and purpuse of the study
Recording
write
mechanical recording device
Pretesting the interview procedure
Small group
Detemine whether the resulting data can be quantified
Conducting self-report research
must ask same question
Collection of standardised information from sample
Questionnaire
Observation research
nonparticipant observation
simulation
naturalistic
involves observation of human subjects
Observer
outside looking in
do not involve in the situation
Do not interact with
Definition
Description research
typical survey studies
assessing attitudes, opinions, demographics and so on.
Ways to classify
How data are collected (A)
Interview & observation (quanlitative)
Observation
Self report instruments
Interview
Telephone
Questionnaire
How often a particular group is surveyed (B)
Longitudinal survey
Cross-sectional survey