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Qualitative Research (Approaches (Ethnography (Study of culture community)…
Qualitative Research
Approaches
Case study
Ethnography
Study of culture community
Ethology
Ethnomethodology
Grounded theory
Generate theory
Phenomenology
Symbolic interaction
Action research
Systematic inquiry
Historical research
Strategies reduce researcher bias and improve validity
Recognise one's own biases
Work with another researcher
Obtain participants trust and comfort
Allow participants to review and critique field notes for accuracy and meaning
Include additional participants
Do not ignore 'outliers'
Extend the study
Corroborate data by using triangulation
Comparing multiple sources of data across participants, times and sites
Comparing the results of multiple independent investigators
Comparing multiple methods of data analysis
Steps
Selecting participants
Collecting data
Review of research
Analysing data
Identify research topics
Reporting, evaluating and interpreting research
Observation
Type
Participant observer
External/ nonparticipant observer
Field note
Record of data collection
Provide thick description
Protocol
List of issues
Framework for the field notes
Memo writing
Recording observation
Assessing observer reliability
Training
Monitoring
Interviews
Types
Unstructured
Semistructured
Structured
Obtain important data
Experiences and feelings
Focus group
Ways collecting data
Taking notes during interview
Recording
Writing notes after interview
Threats
Observer bias
Halo effect
Observer effect
Data analysis
Describing the context and participants
Classifying
Reading/ memoing
Interpreting
Data managing
Steps
Selecting a research topic
Specific
Reviewing the literature
Selecting research participants
Data Collection / Fieldwork
Observation
Interviews
Drawings
Phone calls
Informal conversations
Nature
Study
Perspectives of research participants
Understanding of a social setting
Researcher (main instrument)