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what caused the shift from the institution of taqlid to the institution of…

- - - - the structured, agreed upon sources of law that dictate the written text of Shariah
        
        sunnah
        
        ijma
        
        qiyas
        
        quran
      - the disagreed sources of law that dictate the application and changing nature of the law
        
        istihsan
        
        maslahah
        
        siyasah
        
        blocking the means
        
        urf
    - - qawaid- legal precepts built on an aggregate
  - - - improper use of taqlid
      - the original nature of ijtihad as pure
        
        it is original
        
        it is the more powerful
    - - Liberalism
        
        reason triumphs all
        
        tradition is inherently frowned upon
      - Nation-state
        
        destroys the formation made under taqlid
        
        Weber, Benedict Anderson, and Hobbsbawm
        
        adds to the question of muslim and non-muslim relations
      - Actions by Independent Muslims
        
        terroism
        
        State of war as a legal pre-requisite
        
        Liberal Muslim movement
        
        Femminist movements
        
        Lack of trust in taqlid to change with the times