Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Flowers and reproduction (Flower structure (Sepals image (lowermost and…
Flowers and reproduction
Asexual reproduction
fragmentation
Plant can still grow if middle of plant dies
ends can separate and become new individuals
are usually clones
Flower structure
Sepals
lowermost and outermost of floral appendages
Modified leaves
protect the flower as it matures
Together are called calyx
petals
together are corolla
with the sepal = perianth
attract the correct pollinators
Stamens
Together known as the androecium
filament - Anther stalk
anther - makes pollen
Pollen are 3 cells located within the original pollen wall
One is vegetative, two are sperm cells
Carpals
Stigma collects pollen grains
Style - elevates the stamen into a useful position
Ovary - where megaspores are produced
placenta - regions of tissue that house the ovuoles
ovuole- eggs
microgametophyte divides 3x
1 central cell
2 polar nuclei
3 antipodal cells
1 egg
2 synergids
Sporophytes are always diploid
Life cycle
Gametophytes
sporophyte phase
"female" sex organs
carpels
haploid
grow via mitosis
turn into megagametophytes
"male" sex organs
stamen
hapliod
grow via mitosis
turn into microgametophytes
Fertilization!
Plasmogamy
fusion of the protoplasts of gametes
karyogamy
fusion of the nuclei
pollen lands on stigma
Pollen starts to grow a pollen tube down through the style to get to ovary
pollen tube reaches ovuole
pollen tube explodes, and releases sperm cells
1 more item...
Embryonic development
triploid nucleus - endosperm
Endosperm nourishes growing embryo (wheat is endosperm)
Growth of embryo at the same time as endosperm
suspensor - pushes embryo deep into the endosperm
cotyledons develop -
heart stage - when cotyledon looks like a heart
torpedo stage- when cotyledon looks like a torpedo
4 more items...
Fruit development
exocarp
mesocarp
Endocarp
Inflorescence and pollination
wind pollenation
sepals are absent
ovaries need little to no protection
Animal pollenated
flowers tend to be brightly colored and fragrant
nectar is produced
color patterns may be nectar guides
radially symmetrical
inflorescence - many small flowers grouped together to be more attractive to pollinators.
types depend on the pollinator
bat pollinated:
bird pollinated:
insect pollinated:
