Molecular Genetics

Central Dogma of Biology

Code on DNA transcribed into RNA which is then translated into Protein that determines traits

Protein determines the trait

Gene - Information to make RNA

Nucleic Acid Structure (DNA/RNA)

Nucleotide - the letters

phosphate

nitrogenous base

Sugar

DNA

A,T,C,G

RNA

A,U,C,G

Purines

has two base rings

Pyrimidines

Has one base ring

DNA

RNA

Single Helix

Double helix

C-G,A-T

Very Long

C-G,A-U

Short

Rules of Complementarity

sum of the probabilities of an event and its complement must equal 1.

Replication

copies all dna

Types of RNA

tRNA

rRNA

mRNA

Encodes amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

With ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the organelles that translate the mRNA.

Starts as enzyme

Starts during Synthesis phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle