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CH.22 SEED PLANTS I SEED PLANTS W/O FLOWERS (GYMNOSPERMS) (CONIFERS…
CH.22 SEED PLANTS I SEED PLANTS W/O FLOWERS (GYMNOSPERMS)
PROGYMNOSPERMOPHYTA
PROGYMNOSPERMS
ARCHAEOPTERIDALES
order
Archaeopteris
trees
2ndary phloem
abundant wood
primary xylem bundle
planted branches
spiral simple leaves
heterosporous reproduction
EVOLUTION OF SEEDS
vascular cambia evolution
spermatophytes
lycophytes
lignophytes
equisetophytes
SEED FERNS
woody
manoxylic
soft+less dense
bore seeds
fern-like foliage
CONIFERS
moderate-gigantic size
perennial leaves
simple needles
ANEUROPHYTALES
order
relictual progymnosperms
shrubs
trees
2ndary growth
primary xylem
from trimerophytes
cycads
other gymnosperms
conifers
megaphyllous leaves
vascular cambi
unlimited growth
2ndary xylem/phloem
PTERIDOSPERMOPHYTA
SEED FERNS
bear ovules
CYCADOPHYTA
CYCADS
stout trunks
pinnate compound leaves
short
thick cortex
manoxylic wood
DO NOT BEAR OVULES (Ferns do)
seed+pollen cones
microphylls
microsporangia
CYCADEOIDOPHYTA
CYCADEOIDS
ALL EXTINCT
vegatative features
almost identical to cycads
GNETOPHYTA
ENGIMATIC PLANTS
EPHEDRA
30
tough shrubs
bushes
desert regions
WELWITSCHIA
ONLY 1
only in deserts
or in cultivation
short wide stem
perennial leaves
only 2 leaves
GNETUM
40
mostly vines
small shrubs
CONIFERS
POLLEN CONES
single short unbranched axis
bears microsporophylls
undergo meiosis
microspores
simple cones
SEED CONES
compound
shoot + axillary buds
short axis
leaves
cone bracts
bears megasporophylls
ovuliferous scale
complex cones
CONIFEROPHYTA
GINKOPHYTA
Maidenhair Tree
stout trunk
many branches
short shoots
most leaves
long shoots
conifer-like wood
lacks vessels
axial parenchyma
broad leaves
